Fundamentals of criminal investigations

Question 1

The investigation is not complete until

Answer 1

every credible lead has been considered

Question 2

What is the goal of criminal investigations

Answer 2

to identify the guilty as it is to eliminate those who are not

Question 3

Who are the Bow Street Runners

Answer 3

first well known investigative body in England

Question 4

London Metropolitan Police ( BOBBIES) were created in what year

Answer 4

1849 - after Sir Robert Peel

Question 5

The headquarters for the London Metro Police is often referred to as:

Answer 5

Scotland Yard- the division of London Metro, not England as a whole

Question 6

First organization of its type in the USA

Answer 6

Pinkerton National Detective Agency

Question 7

Rogues Gallery

Answer 7

descriptions, MOs, hiding places. names & associations of known crimminals

Question 8

What was the Mulberry Street Parade (NYC)

Answer 8

9am every morning, arrested criminals and marched in front of detectives for later recognition

Question 9

What was the single most significant development in criminal investigations

Answer 9

The creation of the FBI in 1924

Question 10

NCIC

Answer 10

operational in 1967 by the FBI

Question 11

What year was the London Metro Police Created

Answer 11

1849

Question 12

What year was the creation of the FBI

Answer 12

1924

Question 13

What was the National Academy

Answer 13

Created in 1924 by the FBI to train police

Question 14

August Volmer

Answer 14

Evolution of professional policing:

• banned graft and gratuities
• implemented reforms transform policing into modern policing
• 1st chief to have bike patrol 1910
• motors 1911
• patrol cars 1913
• in car radios 1928
• created centralized police record system
• 1st to use blood fibers soil samples to solve crimes
• police schools 1907
• outlawed 3rd degree tactics ( beatings)
• 1st to use lie detector
• hired African America and female officer

Question 15

Hans Gross

Answer 15

Wrote first publication describing application of science to crime investigations in 1893

Question 16

Edward Locard

Answer 16

France 1910: established first crime lab

Question 17

Locards exchange principle

Answer 17

Criminals come into contact with the scene, they will transfer evidence “ there is something to be found”

Question 18

Bertillon system

Answer 18

Also known as Anthropometry: physical aspects of human body remain unchanged after full maturity ( skull, eye, ear shape/size etc)

Question 19

What is the study of fingerprints

Answer 19

Dactylography

Question 20

Henry Goddard

Answer 20

In 1835 he made the first successful attempt to identify a murderer from a bullet by locating a bullet mold with a matching mark

Question 21

Professor Balthazard

Answer 21

In 1913 he wrote the single most important article in firearms identification. Firing pin, breechblock, extractor, ejector all leave marks.

Question 22

Forensic Pathology

Answer 22

Determines the cause of death

Question 23

What is the Rand study

Answer 23

In 1970 it determined the effectiveness of police functioning- studied departments with more than 150 sworn, city over 100k population

Question 24

Rand recommendations

Answer 24

Post arrest with prosecutors
greater responsibilities for patrol officers
forensic resources increased
creation of specialized investigations sections/units

Question 25

Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) study

Answer 25

- not as much mismanagement - greater use of physical evidence - develop guideline regulations use of evidence technicians - greater effort to locate witnesses- neighborhood canvas - more use of department records and informants

Question 26

Objectives in Criminal Investigations

Answer 26

``` Detect crime locate and ID suspects arrest recover stolen property prepare sound case for prosecution ```

Question 27

Inductive reasoning

Answer 27

Takes us beyond what we know to conclusions about what we don't know

Question 28

Deductive reasoning

Answer 28

reasoning established on specific pieces of evidence to establish proof

Question 29

Abduction

Answer 29

The process of proposing a likely explanation for an event that then must be tested, helps make links among events and development of overall theory of the crime

Question 30

Mission of Law Enforcement

Answer 30

maintenance of peace, protection of property and lives

Question 31

Reactive Response

Answer 31

addressing crimes that have already been committed

Question 32

Proactive Response

Answer 32

addressing anticipated crimes, investigation conducted prior to the crime being committed

Question 33

Preliminary investigation

Answer 33

The responsibility of the first officer on scene with the primary objective is to determine whether the elements of the crime exist

Question 34

Duty of the first officer on scene

Answer 34

to aid injured and provided or summon medical assistance