Fundamentals of Mycology Flashcards by 18 22

[Mycotoxin: Commodity: Fungus: Effects]

Deoxynivalenol/Nivalenol

Deoxynivalenol/Nivalenol: Wheat, Maize, Barley: F. graminaruem, F. cookwellense: Human and pig toxicoses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

[Mycotoxin: Commodity: Fungus: Effects]

Zearalenone

Zearalenone: Maize, Wheat:-:Human carcinogen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

[Mycotoxin: Commodity: Fungus: Effects]

Ochratoxin A

Ochratoxin A: Maize, Wheat: A. ochraceus, P. verrucosum: Human and pig carcinogen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

[Mycotoxin: Commodity: Fungus: Effects]

Fumosin B1

Fumosin B1: Maize: - : Human carcinogen, toxic to pig and poultry

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The ff are possible effects of mycotoxins except

a. Immune suppression
b. nephrotoxic
c. idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
d. dermal toxicosis
e. gastro-intestinal disturbances
f. parasympathetic nerve system effects
f. liver hemorrhage
g. hepatic necrosis
h. estrogenic effects
i. lung and brain hemorrhage

None of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rhizopus

a. coenocytic
b. septate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Penicillin

a. coenocytic
b. septate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mucor

a. coenocytic
b. septate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sporothrix schenckii

a. Yeast
b. Mold
c. Dimorphic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dimorphic fungus in external environment is in what form?

Mold

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dimorphic fungus in host t is in what form?

Yeast

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Plasmogamy

Fusion of cytoplasm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Karyogamy

Fusion of nuclei

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mycelia and spores are

a. haploid
b. diploid
c. heterokaryotic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After plasmogamy fungus will be

a. haploid
b. diploid
c. heterokaryotic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After Karyogamy fungus will be

a. haploid
b. diploid
c. heterokaryotic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All forms in the life cycle of a fungus

a. Holomorph
b. Anamorph
c. Telomorph

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sexual reproductive stage; “perfect stage” e.g. Filobasidiella

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Asexual reproductive stage; “imperfect stage” e.g. Cryptococcus

a. Holomorph
b. Anamorph
c. Telomorph

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The ff are characteristics of members of Chytridiomycota EXCEPT

a. Motile
b. Terrestrial
c. Not cultured in artificial media
d. cause nasal oropharyngeal rhinosporidiosis

B; Aquatic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rhinosporidium seeberii

a. Zygomycota
b. Ascomycota
c. Basidiomycota
d. Deuteromycota
e. Chytridiomycota

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

a. Zygomycota
b. Ascomycota
c. Basidiomycota
d. Deuteromycota
e. Chytridiomycota

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Zygomycota

a. septate
b. Non-septate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rhizopus, Absidia, Mucor, Rhizomucor

a. Mucorales
b. Entomophthorales

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Conidiobolus, Basidiobols a. Mucorales b. Entomophthorales

fruiting bodies of ascomycota is a.k.a

ascocarps

Describe the dolipore septa of Basidiomycota

septa with bagel-shaped pore at its center

Basidiomycota nuclei move through ________ during cell division

clamp connections

DIvision of fungi with no sexual spores, reproducing via conidiogenesis

Deuteromycota

When do we suspect fungal infections?

- prolonged fever not responding to antibiotics - neutropenia - diabetes w/ ketoacidosis - solid organ transplant - HIV+ - Xray infiltrates, miliary aspect, cavities

[Method of Examination] | Candida, Malassezia, Sporothrix, Nocardia, Actinomyces

Gram Stain

[Method of Examination] | Cryptococcus

India Ink

[Method of Examination] | Aspergillus

Periodic acid-Schiff stain

What is the rationale behind using KOH in vieweing biopsy materials, exudates from lesions on skin, nails, and hair?

KOH lyse keratinaceous substances while presenting fungal elements

Calcufluor white is used for

optical brightening in KOH wet preparation

Why is Saboraud's dextrose agar suitable for fungal cultures?

pH 5.6; with antibitotics (gentamycin, chloramphenicol)

Ciprofloxacin is added to growth media to inhibit growth of

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Cycloheximide is used to

prevent overgrowth of slowly growing molds

Fungi inhibited by cycloheximide include

Aspergillus fugimatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Pseudallescheria boydii, Candida krusei, Trichoporon

What is sheep blood for?

used for organisms that require enrichment before they are recovered

What is Smith's Medium for?

for recovery of contaminated specimen; contains ammonium hydroxide

[Incubation time] | Dermatophytes

2 weeks

[Incubation time] | Opportunists

less than a week

[Incubation time] | Systemic

4-6 weeks

``` Large surface area for isolation Aeration enhanced Easier to prepare microscopic mounts Contamination Likely Less safe to handle Dehydration a. Culture Dishes b. Culture Tubes ```

A; otherwise B

Examples of filamentous fungi

``` Aspergillus fumigatus Mucor Rhizopus Penicillium Fusarium ```

Enumerate methods other than direct microscopic examination to test for fungal infection

Cryptocooccal antigen detection in body fluids Multiple test system for yeasts Serologic yeasts such as latex agglutination test Nucleic acid probes for dimorphic fungi Real time pCR for histoplasma and coccidiotis Nuclei acid synthesis

Causative organisms of Pityriasis versicolor a.k.a "an-an"

Malassezia furfur, Exophiala werneckii

What is the usual etiologic agent of pityriasis versicolor?

Malassezia globosa, part of our normal flora

[Treatment] | Pityriasis versicolor

Keratinolytic agents e,g, Miconazole, Selenium Sulfide (1%)

[Identify] Condition with gray to black non- inflammatory, non-scaling well-demarcated macular lesions that appear like silver nitrate burns. Occuring on the palms and sometimes feet. Diagnosed by KOH preparation showing pigmented brown to dark septate hyphal elements and 2-celled yeast cells

Tinea nigra

White piedra is caused by

Trichosporon

Black piedra is caused by

Piedra hortae

What causes cutaneous mycoses?

dermatophytes

Which is a geophilic dermatophyte? a. Microsporum gypseum b. Microsporum canis c. Trichophyton tonsurans d. Trichophyton verrucosum

The following are Zoophilic dermatophytes except a. Microsporum canis b. Trichophyton mentagrophytes c. Trichophyton verrucosum d. Trichophyton rubrum

D; Anthropophilic

The following are anthropophilic dermatophyes except a. Trichophyton rubrum b. Trichophyton tonsurans c. Epidermophyton floccosum d. Microsporum gypseum

D; Geophilic

Dermatophyte infections are mostly seen in _________ patients a. immunocompromised b. immunocompetent

WIth large, multiseptate, rough-walled and spindle shaped macroconidia. Macroconidia always seen in culture. Colony is white, reversesideis golden yellow pigment. a. Microsporum b. Trychophyton c. Epidermophytan

Produces large, multiseptate, smooth-walled and club-shaped macroconidia. Colony is khaki-colored with white areas in cornmeal agar; with chlamydoconidia (Chlamydospore: a thick-walled asexual spore of many fungi: capable of surviving adverse conditions) a. Microsporum b. Trychophyton c. Epidermophytan

With elongeted, pencil to cigar-shaped, smooth walled, multiseptate and thin-walled macroconidia. Microconidia are arranged in clusters. Infects hair, skin and nails. a. Microsporum b. Trychophyton c. Epidermophytan

Microsporum infecting cats, dogs and humans

M. canis

Microsporum from soil with cinnamon-colored, suede-like colony

M. gypseum

M. audouinii infects

hair and skin

Tinea capitis infect which areas of the body?

scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes

Describe Tinea fabosa

more serious tinea capitis infection since hair growth is infected; cup and saucer appearance

What fungi can cause Tinea capitis?

Trychophyton tonsurans Microsporum canis Microsporum audoini Trichophyton violaceum

Superficial infection of the skin limited to southwest Polynesia, Melanesia, SE Asia, India and Central America a. Tinea capitis b. Tinea barbae c. Tinea cruris d. Tinea imbricata

Infection limited to bearded areas of the face and neck a. Tinea capitis b. Tinea barbae c. Tinea cruris d. Tinea imbricata

Infection of the groin, perineum and perianal region a. Tinea capitis b. Tinea barbae c. Tinea cruris d. Tinea imbricata

What are the fungi that usually cause tinea cruris?

Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Describe Tinea corporis

infection of the smooth skin of the trunk and extremities.

What fungi are involved in Tinea corporis

Trichophyton rubrum, Trycophyton metagrophytes, Microsporum canis

Caused by Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum a. Tinea cruris and Tinea pedis b. Tinea capitis and Tinea mannum c. Tinea corporis and Tinea cruris d. Tinea imbricata and Tinea barbae

What fungi cause Onychomycosis or Tinea unguim?

Aspergillus, Fusarium

What is the causative organism of Sporotrichosis?

Sporothrix schenckii

Sporotrichosis is a.k.a

Rose gardener's disease

describe morphology of Sporothrix culture on SDA

moist and glaborous, wrinkled and folded surface, colored white to cream to black

Chronic, slowly progressive and localized infection with crusted, verrucose, wart-like lesions caused by Fonsecaea, Phialophora, Cladosporium, etc.

Chromoblastomycosis