Introduction to Microbiology Flashcards Preview

LU4 HS202 Micro Para Psych > Introduction to Microbiology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Introduction to Microbiology Deck (29)
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0
Q

Who discovered plant cells and described them in his book Micrographia

A

Robert Hooke

1
Q

Enumerate 5 ways microbes affect our lives

A
Subjects of study
Normal flora of the body
Maintain balance in the enviroment
Genetic engineering
Commercial and industrial use
2
Q

Who observed microbes under the microscope and named them animalcules?

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

3
Q

What did Francesco Redi contribute?

A

Redi’s experiment provided evidence against spontaneous generation

4
Q

Who tried to disprove spontaneous generation by boiling mutton broth in several tubes and sealing it?

A

John Needham

5
Q

Who challenged Needham by boiling mutton broth tubes for a longer time?

A

Lazzaro Spallanzani

6
Q

What are Louis Pasteur’s contributions?

A

Germ theory of disease
Vaccines for rabies, diphtheria and anthrax
Pasteurization of food

7
Q

British surgeon who introduced carbolic acid, then known as a sewage treatment chemical, to sterilize surgical instruments and clean wounds

A

Joseph Lister

8
Q

Who discovered M. tuberculosis?

A

Robert Koch

9
Q

Enumerate Koch’s Postulates

A
  1. the microorganism should be present in EVERY case if the disease
  2. The microorganism should be isolated from the diseased host and grown in a pure culture
  3. The microorganism should be inoculated in a healthy host and the same disease must result
  4. The same microorganism must be isolated from the diseased host
10
Q

Who proposed that antibodies are reaponsible for immunity?

A

Paul Erlich

11
Q

Who discovered penicillin?

A

Alexander Fleming

12
Q

What is the target of penicillin?

A

Peptidoglycan cross linking

13
Q

Who made the five kingdom scheme of classifying organisms?

A

Robert Whittaker

14
Q

The 5 Kingdom scheme is based on

A

Cell type,
Mode of nutrition
Cellular organization

15
Q

Lack peptidoglycan, live in extreme environments, and include methanogens, extreme halophiles, extreme thermophiles

A

Domain archaeabacteria

16
Q

Eukaryoti multicellular organisms without cell walls that are ingestive heterotrophs

A

Kingdom animalia

17
Q

Eukaryotic multicellular organisms with cellulose in cell wall. They are usually photoautotrophic and nonmotile

A

Plantae

18
Q

Unicillular or multicellular eukaryotes with chitin in cell wall. They are absorptive heterotrophs, nonmotile and develop from spores or hyphal fragments

A

Fungi

19
Q

Multicellular animals with microscopic life cycle stages and usually live off using the host’s nutrients

A

Animal parasites

20
Q

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes in terms of nucleus

A

Prokaryotes: single circular chromosome without nuclear envelope
Eukaryotes: membrane bound nucleus with individual chromosomes

21
Q

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes in terms of extradhromosomal DNA

A

Prokaryotes: in plasmids, responsible for virulence
Eukaryotes: in organelles e.g. Mitochondria

22
Q

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes in terms of organelles

A

P: none
E: present

23
Q

Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes in terms of cytoplasmic membrane

A

P: contains enzymes for respiration: active secretion of enzymes; site if phospholipid and enzyme synthesis
E:semipermeable layer without prokaryotic membrane functions

24
Q

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes in terms of cell wall

A

P: peptidoglycan except for Mycoplasma
E: none; if there is, made up of cellulose or chitin

25
Q

Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes in terms of sterols

A

P: absent except in Mycoplasma
E: usually present

26
Q

Prokaryotes vs. eykaryotes in terms of ribosomes

A

p: 70S in cytoplasm
e: 80S in ER

27
Q

How do bacteria multiply?

A

Binary fission

28
Q

What are the 3 components that make up fungal cell wall?

A

Chitin
Glucan
Mannan