Fundamentals of Nutrition Part 2 Chapter 5 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are Cells?
Basic unit of living plant or animal organism.
- Contains genetic material, sites of energy production
❖ DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid
* Able to absorb compounds necessary for functioning
- Able to excrete waste products
What are the 6 Body Systems?
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Digestive
- Cardiovascular
- Lymphatic
What does the Integumentary System consist of?
Main Parts:
Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands
Key Functions
Protection, temperature controls, water retention,
vitamin D production
What does the Skeletal System consist of?
Main Parts:
Bones, cartilage, joints
Key Functions:
Protection, support, movement, blood cell production, mineral storage
What does the Muscular System consist of?
Main Parts:
Muscles connected to skeletal system
Key Functions:
Movement
What does the Digestive System consist of?
Main Parts
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines & accessory structures (liver, pancreas, gallbladder, salivary glands, tongue)
Key Functions:
Performs digestion & absorption of nutrients;
elimination of waste
What does the Cardiovascular System consist of?
Main Parts:
Heart, blood. Blood vessels
Key Functions:
Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, participates in body’s immune responses and temperature control
What does the Lymphatic System consist of?
Main Parts:
Lymph vessels, lymph nodes
Key Functions:
Removes foreign substances from the blood & lymph,
maintains fluid balance in tissues and helps with fat
absorption which are too large to pass through blood capillaries pores
What is the Circulatory System and which two body systems are apart of the Circulatory System?
Network of vessels that travels all over the body
- Cardiovascular system:
❖Blood flows from left side of the heart to different parts of the body returns to right side of the heart.
❖Important for the distribution of nutrients to body’s cells, etc.
❖Capillary: smallest blood vessels; actual sites of transfer (nutrients etc).
Lymphatic System:
❖Capillary: smallest vessels; actual sites of transfer
What are the 7 important Secretary Products?
Saliva
Mucus
Enzymes
Acid
Bile
Bicarbonate
Hormones
Where is Saliva found and its purpose?
Mouth
Lubricant; initiates starch digestion
Where is Mucus found and its purpose?
Mouth, stomach, small & large intestines
Lubricates; protects cells
Where are Enzymes found and their purpose?
Mouth, stomach, small
intestines, pancreas
Aids in digestion of food into particles small enough to be absorbed into bloodstream
Where is Acid found and its purpose?
Stomach
Aids in digestion of protein
Where is Bile found its purpose?
Liver (stored in gallbladder)
Suspends fat in water to aid in fat digestion in the small intestines
Where is Bicarbonate found and its purpose?
Pancreas, small intestines
Neutralizes stomach acid as it enters small intestines
Where are Hormones found and their purpose?
Stomach, small intestines
Triggers the release &/or production of acid, enzymes, bile
bicarbonate; aids in peristalsis. eg. Gastrin, secretin, insulin,
cholecystokinin, glucagon
What are the 2 types of nutrients?
Macronutrients and Micronutrients
What are Macronutrients?
Macronutrients: the body needs to ingest them in large amounts (grams)
❖Provides energy
✓Water is the exception. It DOES NOT provide us with energy
❖Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats & oils), water
- Carbohydrate: Sugar, staples, pastries, desserts, milk, fruits, peas,
beans - Protein: Food from animals, milk, peas, beans
- Lipid: fats or oils, mayonnaise, ackee, avocado, margarine, butter
What are Micronutrients?
- Micronutrients: the body needs to ingest them in small amounts
(milligrams)
❖They DO NOT provide us with energy
❖Vitamins & minerals
- Vitamins
❖A, D, E, K, B, C
❖Sources: fruits, vegetables - Minerals
❖Examples: zinc, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium
❖Sources: meat, fish, poultry, vegetables, Food from animals
What are Digestive Enzymes?
Brings specific chemicals together & creates an environment to start and complete a process
❖ Example: breaking down starch into smaller units (e.g. glucose, fructose)
What is the Enzyme that exists in the Mouth and what does it do?
Salivary Amylase
Breaks down Starch into disaccharides
What is the Enzyme that exists in the Stomach and what does it do?
Pepsin
Breaks down protein into large Peptides
What are the Enzymes that exists in the Small Intestine (Pancreas) and what do they do?
Amylase: Continues the breakdown of Starch
Trypsin: Continues the breakdown of Protein
Lipase: Breaks down Fat
