Funds Exam 1

Question 1

Transfer of heat will take place

Answer 1

–conduction
–convection
–radiation
–evaporation and condensation

Question 2

Flammable gases

Answer 2

– are not used in hospitals
– gases that are used in hospitals are combustible and need a heat source

Question 3

Nonflammable gas

Answer 3

–it does not burn and will not explode
–Oxygen
–Nitric Oxide
–Helium
–Air
–Carbon Dioxide
–Nitrous Oxide

Question 4

Gases that support combustion

Answer 4

–Oxygen supports combustion, making burning brighter, hotter, and faster
–Nitric Oxide
–nitrous oxide

Question 5

Gases that are classifies as therapeutic

Answer 5

–are used to relieve symptoms and improve oxygenation of patients with hypoxemia
–Air
–Nitrogen (N2)
–Oxygen (O2)
–Carbon dioxide (CO2)
–Helium (He)
–Nitric Oxide (NO)

Question 6

Factors associated with each size of oxygen/air cylinder

Answer 6

–gas flow
– cylinders size
–cylinder pressure at the start of therapy

Question 7

How convert between Kelvin, Celsius and Fahrenheit

Answer 7

– C to K: K= C +273
–K to C: C= K-273
– F to C: C= (F -32) / 1.8
–C to F: F= (1.8 x C) + 32

Question 8

What is Conduction

Answer 8

–Heat transfer in solids occurs mainly in Conduction
– main method of heat transfer is the transfer of energy by direct contact between hot and cold molecules
–direct contact between two substances
–

Question 9

What is Convection

Answer 9

–heat transfer in both liquids and gases occur mainly through convection
–involves the mixing of fluids molecules at different temperature
–contact between substances
–occurs in infant incubators
–occurs when cold metals in room temperature are quickly draw heat away of the skin

Question 10

What is Radiation

Answer 10

–occurs without direct physical contact
–radiations occurs in light settings which are invisible to the eye
–transmitted using waves or particles
–radient energy is commonly used to keep newborn infants warm

Question 11

What is Kinetic energy

Answer 11

–is the energy in motion
–most internal energy gases is in the form of kinetic energy
–example: a falling object
–internal energy

Question 12

What is Potiential energy

Answer 12

–is referred to the energy of position
–is the result of the strong attractive forces between molecules
–weak in a gas state
– internal energy

Question 13

What is condesation

Answer 13

–gases become liquids
–must give heat back to the surroundings warming.

Question 14

what is vaporization

Answer 14

–is the change of state from liquid to gas, or gas to liquid
–requires heat energy
–For example: compressed and liquefied oxygen is kept in tanks, then exposed to ambient temps, and then vaporized into gaseous form to give to patients
–one form of vaporization is evaporation
–takes heat from the air around a liquid for cooling

Question 15

what is surface tension

Answer 15

–is the force by unit length exerted by like molecules at the surface of a liquid
–is responsible for the spherical shape of liquid droplets and their ability to keep their shape when placed in aerosol suspension

Question 16

what is diffusion

Answer 16

–The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself

Question 17

what is sublimation

Answer 17

– is the term used for the phase transition from a solid to a vapor without becoming a liquid in intermediary form
–example: dry ice

Question 18

What is Buoyancy

Answer 18

–property of liquids
–variations in liquid pressure within a container produce an upward supporting force
–it’s an effect on why certain objects float in water
–helps keep solid particles suspended in gases (aerosols

Question 19

What is capillary Action

Answer 19

–is a phenomenon is which liquid in a small tube moves upward against gravity
–involves both adhesive and surface tension

Question 20

Where does capillary action take place in the hospital

Answer 20

–in blood samples
–absorbent wicks in used in some gas humidifiers
–certain types of nebulizers

Question 21

What is dew point

Answer 21

–opposite of melting
–temperature at which substance freeze

Question 22

what is melting point

Answer 22

–the changeover from a solid to a liquid
–the temperature at which melting occurs

Question 23

What boiling point

Answer 23

–heating liquid to the temperature at which its vapor
–most liquefied gases is very low
–liquid oxygen boils at -183 C
–is the temperature that at which its vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure

Question 24

what is humidity

Answer 24

–measurement of the water vapor content
–Absolute Humidity: the actual amount or weight of water vapor in a gas; saturated water vapor capacity
–Relative Humidity: is the ratio of water vapor content

Question 25

what is vapor pressure

Answer 25

–refers to the tendency of a liquid to change to a gaseous state.
–in a closed system the amount of liquid is changed into vapor equals the amount of vapor condensing back into a liquid

Question 26

the normal water vapor pressure in a human at a constant normal temperature

Answer 26

–when water is converted to vapor, it acts like a gas
–water vapor pressure represents the kinetic activity of water molecules in air
– Air that is fully saturated with water vapor has absolute humidity of 43.8 mg/L at 37° C, 760 mm Hg, and water vapor pressure of 47 mm Hg

Question 27

what laminar

Answer 27

–fluid moving in discrete cylindrical layers or streamlines

Question 28

what is turbulent

Answer 28

–loss of regular streamlines; fluid molecules form irregular eddy current in a chaotic pattern

Question 29

what is a transitional flow?

Answer 29

–is a mixture of laminar and turbulent flow

Question 30

Different forms of Vaporization

Answer 30

–Evaporation: heat is taken from the air surrounding the liquid, cooling the air.
–Evaporative cooling: the liquid evaporates and cools
—–example: when the body produces sweat to cool down
–Absolute humidity: water vapor
—actual amount or weight of water vapor in gas; varies with temperature and pressure
–Liquid-to-vapor

Question 31

What is the FDA purity standards required for medical oxygen

Answer 31

–require an O2 purity of at least 99%

Question 32

The purpose and function of zone valves in a central piping system

Answer 32

–closed for system maintenance or in case of fire

Question 33

The requirements and regulations for all cylinders

Answer 33

–color coded and marked with metal stamping on the shoulder
–stamping indicated size, normal filling pressure, serial number, ownership, and method of manufacturer
–safety tests are conducted every 5 or 10 years

Question 34

Cylinder safety system

Answer 34

–cylinder markings
–color coding
–labeling
–standardized testing
–standardized valves
–connection indexing system
–regulation and standardization of filling and refilling of cylinders

Question 35

Standards when storing medical gas cylinders

Answer 35

–store in racks or chain to wall
–do not store combustible material in the vicinity of cylinders
–store away from heat sources
–store flammable gases separately from gases that support combustion
–Keep cylinder cap in place if the cylinder is not in use
–post “No Smoking” signs near storage units
–Store liquid O2 containers in a cool well-ventilated area

Question 36

Purpose and functions of central piping system

Answer 36

–used to deliver compressed gas to all areas throughout hospital
–The main alarm warns of pressure drops or interruptions in flow from source

Question 37

The purpose of zone valves in hospitals

Answer 37

– designed to vent gas to the atmosphere if the tank is heated
–prevents tank pressure from becoming too high

Question 38

the process and purpose behind “cracking”

Answer 38

–secure cylinders at the patient’s beside
–do not use flammable materials
–” Crack” or open the cylinder valve slightly to move dust before attaching the regulator
–post “ No Smoking” signs

Question 39

What is a regulator

Answer 39

–contents of full gas cylinders greater than 2000psi
–respiratory equipment calibrated for 50 psi working pressure
–preset or adjustable
–is used to control both pressure and flow

Question 40

What is flowmeter

Answer 40

–is used to control flow to patients
–allow the rate of gas flow to the patient to be set and controlled
–Thorpe Tube types: commonly used to show true flow

Question 41

Abbrev. for common medical gases

Answer 41

–Oxygen (O2)
–Helium (He)
–Nitric Oxide (NO)
–Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

Question 42

Associated cylinder color

Answer 42

–Oxygen (O2): green
–Air: yellow
–Helium (He): brown
–Nitric Oxide (NO): Blue
–Nitrous Oxide (N2O): blue
–Carbon dioxide (CO2): gray

Question 43

Formula for the duration of time an oxygen tank will last

Answer 43

–Psi x D (0.16)’\ L/min
–Psi x E (0.28)’\ L/min
–Psi x G (2.41)’\ L/min
–Psi x H or K (3.14) ‘\ L/min

Question 44

Properties of: Oxygen

Answer 44

–colorless, odorless, transparent, and tasteless
–slightly heavier than air
–not very soluble in water
–nonflammable but greatly accelerates combustion

Question 45

Properties of: Air

Answer 45

–colorless, odorless, naturally occurring gas mixture
–contains 20.95% O2, 78.1% nitrogen, and about 1% trace gases

Question 46

Properties of Carbon Dioxide

Answer 46

– is colorless and odorless with a specific gravity of 1.52
–does not support combustion
–calibration of blood gas analyzers
–diagnostic purposes in clinical laboratory

Question 47

Properties of Helium

Answer 47

–odorless, tasteless, nonflammable, and chemically and physiologically inert
–less density than air
–must always be mixed with at least 20% O2

Question 48

Properties of Nitric Oxide

Answer 48

–colorless, nonflammable, toxic gas that supports combustion
–exposure to high concentrations alone can cause tissue hypoxia
–FDA approved for use in treatment of term and near term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure

Question 49

Properties of Nitrous Oxide

Answer 49

–colorless gas with a slightly sweet odor and taste
–clinically used as an anesthetic agent
–must always be mixed with oxygen
–risks: long term exposure can lead to neuropathy issues, fetal disorders, spontaneous abortions