Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Infection > Fungal Infections > Flashcards

Fungal Infections Flashcards

(46 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What does pneumocystis spp. cause?

A

Pneumocystitis

Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does aspergillus spp. cause?

A

Allergic and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Aspergilloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does candida spp. cause?

A

Thrush

Candidemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does Cryptococcus spp. cause?

A

Meningitis

Renal abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who especially gets mucocutaneous candidiasis?

A

Neonates < 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causes of mucocutaneous candidiasis

A

Antibiotic use

Inhalation steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is mucocutaneous candidiasis found?

A

Nappy rash
Flexural/intertriginous e.g. behind knee
Interdigital candidiasis of the hands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Presenting symptom of primary immunodeficiency disorders characterised by…..

A

Neutropenia
Low CD4+ cells
Impaired IL-17 immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Risk factors for invasive candidiasis

A 
Premature neonates
Broad spectrum antibiotics
Intravascular catheters
Total parenteral nutrition 
Abdominal surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Presentation of invasive candidiasis

A

As bacterial bloodstream infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Investigations for invasive candidiasis

A

Blood culture or culture from normally sterile site

B-d-glucan high NPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is aspergillus transmitted?

A

Sporulation - hydrophobic conidia

Airborne - inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pathology of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

A
  1. sporulation
  2. inhalation of airborne conidia
  3. Conidial germination in absence of sufficient pulmonary defences
  4. Corticosteriod induced immunosuppression; PMN recruitment and tissue damage and neutropenia; excessive hyphal growth and dissemination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Types of pulmonary aspergillus disease

A

Acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Allergic aspergillosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who gets acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis?

A

Neutropenic patients
Post transplants; stem cell > solid organ
Patients with defects in phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Definition of neutropenia

A

Abnormally low concentration of neutrophils (type of white blood cells) in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who gets chronic pulmonary aspergillosis?

A

Patients with underlying chronic lung conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Types of allergic aspergillosis

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in CF and asthma

Asthma or CF with fungal sensitisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pathology of acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Rapid and extensive hyphal growth
  2. Thrombosis and haemorrhage
  3. Angio-invasive + dissemination
20
Q

What could cause a host to be neutropenic?

Study These Flashcards
A

Acute leukaemia

Haematopoietic stem cell transplant

21
Q

Presentation of acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Study These Flashcards
A

Absent or non-specific clinical signs and symptoms

Persistent febrile neutropenia despite broad spectrum antibiotics

22
Q

Prognosis of acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Study These Flashcards
A

Mortality rates 50%

Although depends on immune recovery

23
Q

Who gets (sub) acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Non-neutropenic hosts

  • graft vs host disease
  • neutrophil disorders
24
Q

Pathology of (sub) acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Study These Flashcards
A 
Non-angioinvasive 
Limited fungal growth 
Pyogranulomatous infiltrates
Tissue necrosis 
Excessive inflammation
25
Presentation of (sub) acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Non-specific clinical signs and symptoms | Mild to moderate systemic illness
26
Prognosis of (sub) acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
mortality 20-50%
27
Invasive aspergillosis can be a presenting symptom of what?
Primary immunodeficiency
28
Causes of primary immunodeficiency
Congenital neutropenia Chronic granulomatous disorder (phagocytic disorder) Hyper IgE syndrome CARD-9 deficiency
29
Presentation of invasive aspergillosis as a presentation of primary immunodeficiency
Often outside of the lungs e.g. | - bones, spine, brain, abdominal
30
What conditions does chronic pulmonary aspergillus affect?
Asthma Cystic Fibrosis Chronic obstructive lung disorders
31
Presentation of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
``` Pulmonary exacerbations (not responding to antibiotics) Lung function decline Increased respiratory symptoms Cough Decreased exercise tolerance Dyspnoea ```
32
Investigations for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Positive sputum culture for aspergillosis
33
Are a proportion of CF patients infected with aspergillosis?
Yes - 50% are infected
34
Pathology of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
immunological responses to a variety of A. fumigatus antigens in the CF- host (10-15%) results in multiple presentations
35
Symptoms/signs of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Acute/subacute deterioration of lung function and respiratory symptoms New abnormalities of chest imaging Elevated IgE level Increased aspergillus specific IgE or positive skin test Positive aspergillus specific IgG
36
What is pulmonary aspergilloma?
A fungal mass that usually grows in lung cavities
37
What conditions does pulmonary aspergilloma grow in?
``` TB Sarcoidosis Bronchiectasis Bronchial cysts and bullae After pulmonary infections ```
38
Investigations for pulmonary aspergillosis
Non-neutropenic patients - cultures of sputum and/or bronchoalveolar lavage, and/or biopsy - aspergillosis specific IgG and IgE in chronic and allergic pulmonary aspergillus Neutropenic patients - High resolution CT chest (halo sign and air crescent sign) - molecular markers in the blood (galactomannan and PCR) - BAL and biopsies if clinical conditions allow
39
Cryptococcus has caused a huge global burden of what disease?
HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis
40
Transmission of cryptococcal infection is done by...
Inhalation Bark of a variety of trees Bird faeces Organic matter
41
Presentation of cryptococcal infection
``` pulmonary infection - asymptomatic to pneumonia dissemination to brain - meningoencephalitis in HIV/AIDs patients Headache confusion altered behaviour visual disturbances coma (due to raised ICP in 60-80%) ```
42
Investigations for cryptococcal disease
CSF | Blood culture
43
Factors associated with mortality of cryptococcal meningitis
``` Delay in presentation or diagnosis Lack of access to antifungals Inadequate induction therapy Delays in starting anti-retrovirals Immune reconstitution syndrome ```
44
Who is affected by fungal pathogens that are opportunistic in nature?
``` Impaired immune system - primary immunodeficiencies - HIV/AIDs - malignancies (neutropenia) and transplants - premature neonates (immature immune system) Chronic lung disease - CF - chronic obstructive lung disorders - asthma ICU settings ```
45
Antifungals that treat invasive fungal infections
Amphotericin B (IV) Azoles (IV, oral) Echinocandins (IV) Flucytosine (IV, oral)
46
Which antifungal drug has the broadest anti-fungal activity?
Amphotericin B

Infection (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions