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Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Special agar for fungi?

A

Saboraud’s agar

Low pH inhibits bacterial growth

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2
Q

Dermatophytes have this enzyme to allow destruction of skin hair and nails?

A

Keratinase

digest keratin

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3
Q

KOH test of dermatophytes?

A

Branched or septate hyphae

From skin scrapings of peripheral inflamed area

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4
Q

Used to visualize dermatophytes in hair?

A

Wood’s lamp

Green flourescence

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5
Q

Treatment for dermatophytes?

A

Keep skin dry

Topical imidazoles

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6
Q

Superficial skin infection called tinea versicolor is caused by?

A

Malassezia furfur

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7
Q

Appearance of M. furfur on 10% KOH?

A

Spaghetti and meatballs

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8
Q

Treatment of M. furfur?

A

Miconazole or selenium sulfide shampoo over areas of an an

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9
Q

Fungal infection from rose pricks, gardeners usually at risk? (Rose gardener’s disease)

A

Sporotrichosis

Sporothrix schenkii

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10
Q

Treatment of sporotrichosis?

A

Potassium iodide PO
Amphotericin B
POT a plant = POTassium iodide

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11
Q

How is coccidioides transmitted?

A

From soil, inhaled spores, become yeasts inside the human body

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12
Q

Mild pneumonia by coccidioides can become disseminated in which group of people?

A

Immunocompromised

AIDS patients with defective CMI

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13
Q

Characteristic erythematous nodules in coccidioides?

A

Dessert bumps

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14
Q

DOC for coccidioides?

A

Amphotericin B

If with meningitis: Fluconazole (cross BBB)

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15
Q

AE of amphotericin B?

A

Nephrotoxic

Cause tubular acidosis

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16
Q

Great mimickers of TB?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

Paragonimus westermani

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17
Q

How is Histoplasma capsulatum transmitted?

A

From bird and bat droppings (starlings or bat guano)

Common in people who went cave exploring

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18
Q

Diagnostic form of Histoplasma capsulatum?

A

Tuberculate MACROconidia

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19
Q

Infectious form of Histoplasma capsulatum?

A

Microconidia

Transmitted via inhalation of microconidia

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20
Q

Where does Histoplasma capsulatum multiply?

A

Macrophage

HIstoplasme HIdes in macrophages

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21
Q

Common lesion in Histoplasma capsulatum infection of AIDS patients?

A

Tongue ulcers on top of TB-like infection

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22
Q

DOC for Histoplasma capsulatum?

A

Amphotericin B

Fluconazole if with meningitis

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23
Q

Broad based bud that is the MCC of fungal pneumonia?

A

Blastomycoses

Blast Broad Based Bud

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24
Q

Transmission of Blastomycoses?

A

Inhalation of CONIDIA

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25
DOC for Blastomycoses?
Itraconazole I try to blast (Amphotericin for severe)
26
Dimorphic fungi that appear as mutiple buds in wheel configuration?
Paracoccidioides | mariner's wheel
27
Paracoccidioides common in what places?
South America | Brazil
28
DOC for Paracoccidioides?
Itraconazole | Same as blastomycoses and sporotrichosis
29
Appearance of Candida in serum?
Germ tubes
30
Diseases caused by Candida in normal hosts?
Oral thrush Vaginitis Diaper rash
31
Treatment for Candida oral thrush?
Swish and spit nystatin
32
Predisposing factors for Candida vaginitis? With curd like (cheesy) discharge
OCPs Pregnancy Menstruation Antibiotics are being taken
33
Treatment for Candida vaginitis?
Imidazole vaginal suppositories
34
Extension of oral thrush in immunocompromised caused by Candida?
``` Pseudomembranous esophagitis (Diphtheria - pharyngeal, Clostridium - colon) ```
35
DOC for Candida skin infections?
Clotrimazole | Clo - Clothes - Cover skin
36
DOC for Candida that is disseminated?
Amphotericin B
37
Candida chemoprophylaxis?
Fluconazole
38
Oval yeast that causes meninoencephalitis in AIDS patients?
Cryptococcus neoformans
39
Special stain for Cryptococcus neoformans?
India ink | To visualize wide polysaccharide capsule
40
Cryptococcus neoformans may be obtained from?
Pigeon droppings | vs Histoplasma in bat guano
41
DOC for Cryptococcus neoformans?
Amphotericin B and Flucytosine
42
Molds that appear as acute angle branching of septate hyphae? Right angle branching?
Aspergillus (A) | Mucormycosis (M - wider)
43
Lung infection by Aspergillus?
Aspergilloma (fungus ball) | Especially in immunocompromised
44
Treatment of fungus ball?
Open thoracotomy to remove
45
Asthmatic symptoms with brownish plugs in the bronchi by Aspergillus?
ABPA | Asthmatic bronchopulmo aspergillosis
46
DOC for Aspergillus?
Amphotericin B
47
Opportunistic lung infection if CD4<200? (Most common aids defining illness)
PCP | Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
48
Diagnosis of PCP by this stain of bronchoalveolar lavage washings?
Toluidine blue | Methenamine silver stain
49
DOC for PCP?
TMP SMX
50
Oval yeast that causes meninoencephalitis in AIDS patients?
Cryptococcus neoformans
51
Special stain for Cryptococcus neoformans?
India ink | To visualize wide polysaccharide capsule
52
Cryptococcus neoformans may be obtained from?
Pigeon droppings | vs Histoplasma in bat guano
53
DOC for Cryptococcus neoformans?
Amphotericin B and Flucytosine
54
Molds that appear as acute angle branching of septate hyphae? Right angle branching?
Aspergillus (A) | Mucormycosis (M - wider)
55
Lung infection by Aspergillus?
Aspergilloma (fungus ball) | Especially in immunocompromised
56
Treatment of fungus ball?
Open thoracotomy to remove
57
Asthmatic symptoms with brownish plugs in the bronchi by Aspergillus?
ABPA | Asthmatic bronchopulmo aspergillosis
58
DOC for Aspergillus?
Amphotericin B
59
Opportunistic lung infection if CD4<200? (Most common aids defining illness)
PCP | Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
60
Diagnosis of PCP by this stain of bronchoalveolar lavage washings?
Toluidine blue | Methenamine silver stain
61
DOC for PCP?
TMP SMX

Microbiology (7 decks)

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