Other bacteria Flashcards by Stephanie Ang

Zoonoses mnemonic

Bruce the cow - Brucella - contaminated dairy
Francis the rabbit - Francisella - ticks in rabbit
Yeye the rat - Yersinia - bubonic plague
Papa the cat - Pasteurella - cat bite

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Cause of undulating fever?

Brucella abortus

UNpasteurized milk = UNdulating fever

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DOC for brucellosis

Doxycycline

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Tick that acts as vector for transmission of tularemia?

Dermacentor

Francisella tularensis

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DOC for tularemia?

Streptomycin or Gentamicin

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Most virulent bacteria from rodents that cause buboes (LN in groin)?

Yersinia pestis

Bubonic plague

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DOC for bubonic plague

Streptomycin

Tetracycline

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Zoonoses from cat or dog bite?

Pasteurella multocida

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Characteristic colonies of Pasteurella?

Buttery colonies with musty odor
(indole production)
“Pasteurized butter”

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DOC for Pasteurella?

Penicillin G

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Stain for Mycobacteria because of its increased lipid content? (Mycolic acid)

Acid fast
Ziehl Neelsen - Heat (Zizzling)
Kinyoun - Cold

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Special culture medium for Mycobacteria?

Lowenstein Jensen agar

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Most important virulence factor of Mycobacteria that cause weight loss and prevent leukocyte migration?

Cord factor

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Virulence factor that provides phagolysosomal fusion similar to Chediak Higashi and Legionella?

Sulfatides

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Necrosis in Mycobacteria?

Caseous necrosis

Cheesy granular necrosis of the lung

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What is a positive PPD?

> 5mm induration in HIV AIDS and Old TB
10mm if high risk
15mm if low risk

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Type of sensitivity by PPD?

Type IV

Delayed hypersensitivity

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False positive PPD caused by?

BCG vaccine

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What areas of the lung are affected by Mycobacteria?

Middle and lower lung zones

Highest airflow

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Ghon focus vs Ghon’s complex

Ghon focus is a subpleural granuloma (calcified in middle and lower lung lobes)
Ghon’s complex is focus + perihilar lymphadenopathy

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Radiologically detected finding in primary complex?

Ranke’s complex

calcifications

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Reactivation TB usually form in the apices because?

Highest oxygen tension

Simon’s focus

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Reactivation can be accompanied by secondary colonization by?

Aspergillus fumigatus

Fungus ball

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This Mycobacteria causes pulmonary diseases in immunocompromised hosts (AIDS, CD4<50)

Mycobacteria avium intracellulare

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DOC for MAC?

Azithromycin

Leprosy bacteria are cultured where?

Mouse footpad or armadillo Cannot be cultured in vitro Must be cultured in vivo

Most severe form of leprosy?

Lepromatous leprosy

Characteristic facial skin lesion of lepromatous leprosy?

Leonine facies - thickened skin | Saddlenose deformity - nasal cartilage eaten up

Type of neuropathy in lepromatous leprosy?

Glove and stocking distribution

Lepromin skin test: TL vs LL?

TL - positive lepromin - good prognosis, intact CMI, can be contained in granulomas LL - negative lepromin - poor prognosis

Leprosy with thickened palpable superficial nerves and 1-2 hypopigmented skin lesions?

Tuberculoid leprosy | Intact CMI

DOC for leprosy? A/E?

Dapsone | Can cause methemoglobinemia

DOC for erythema nodosum leprosum?

Thalidomide | Can cause phocomelia

Anaerobe that grow like molds and are due to broken jaws or dental trauma?

Actinomyces israelii

Other use of BCG besides TB prevention?

Intravesical infusion of Bladder ca

Transmission of leprosy?

Prolonged exposure to nasal secretions of patients with lepromatous leprosy

Tender red nodules on both shins that signify acute flare ups of leprosy?

Erythema nodosum leprosum

Normal habitat of Actinomyces israelii?

Mouth and GIT

What is seen when Actinomyces israelii is examined under a microscope?

Sulfur granules - yellow granules | Microcolonies of Actinomyces israelii

Treatment of Actinomyces israelii?

Pen G | Surgical drainage of pus

Aerobic weakly acid fast gram positive rods that resemble fungi? With aerial hyphae

Nocardia asteroides

Special stain for Nocardia asteroides?

Fite Faraco stain | No fight! Nocardia fite faraco!

Manifestation of Nocardia asteroides after inhalation from soil?

Mycetomas | Lung and brain abscess (orange colonies)

Treatment for Nocardia asteroides?

Sulfa SNAP | TMP SMX

MCC of walking pneumonia? | Clinical symptoms NOT compatible with xray findings

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

True or false: Mycoplasma pneumoniae has a cell wall.

False. Only a cell membrane with sterols. Smallest!

Virulence factor of Mycoplasma pneumoniae that aids in attachment to respiratory epithelial cells?

``` P1 protein (adhesin) Toll like receptor 2 protein ```

Diagnostic test for Mycoplasma pneumoniae done at bedside using RBCs?

Cold agglutinin test Clump when cold Disintegrate or unclump at room temp

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the MCC (infectious) of this skin lesion?

Steven Johnson

Culture used for Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Eaton's medium

DOC for Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Erythromycin or Tetracycline | Pen and ceph ineffective because no cell wall

Method used to visualize Treponema pallidum because it is too thin to stain?

Darkfield microscopy

Treponema pallidum has no known toxins or destructive enzymes. How is it transmitted?

Occupy genital tract | By sexual contact or transplacental

Characteristic lesion of primary syphilis?

Painless chancre | 2-10weeks

Chancroid in H. ducreyi vs Syphilis chancre?

Chancroid painful! | "Do cry" ducreyi

Description of primary chancre

Punched out base, folded borders VERY INFECTIOUS Treponema pallidum swimming pool

Characteristic lesion in secondary syphilis?

Condyloma latum | Painless wartlike in warm moist areas like vulva and scrotum

Syphilitic phase when no symptoms but serologic tests remain positive?

Latent phase

Granulomatous lesions in tertiary syphilis?

Gumma | Skin and bone (deep gnawing pain)

Cardiovascular manifestion of tertiary syphilis?

Aortitis or Aortic aneurysm Weakened tunica media due to endarteritis of vasa vasorum (obliterate small vessels) Tree back appearance of aorta

Tabes dorsalis affects what part of spinal cord?

Posterior column - vibratory proprioception | Dorsal roots - pain and temp areflexia

Pupils of tertiary syphilis aka?

``` Argyll Robertson (Prostitute's pupil) Accommodates but does not react (to light) ```

Runny nose in early congenital syphilis?

Snuffles

Bone and teeth manifestations of congenital syphilis?

Saddle nose - destroyed nasal septum Hutchinson teeth - upper incisors with central notch Mulberry molars - too many cusps Saber shins - bowing of legs due to tibial inflammation

Unilateral enlargement with detachment and degeneration of clavicle in congenital syphilis is?

Higoumenakis sign

MCC of death in congenital syphilis?

Pulmo hemo

Antibiotic treatment for pregnant women to prevent congenital syphilis is done when?

Before 4 mos AOG

False positive VDRL will be seen in?

``` VDRL - ab to cardiolipin and lecithin Viruses - EBV Hep Drugs RF or RA Leprosy, Lupus ```

DOC for syphilis?

Benzathine Pen G Alternative: Erythromycin Can cross placenta to cure congenital syphilis

Influenza like symptoms few hours after syphilis patients receive pen?

Jarisch Herxheimer phenomenon Due to lysis of treponemes Also in leptospirosis and other spirochetes

Largest medically important bacteria that causes Lyme disease?

Borrelia burgdorferi

Transmission of Lyme is via?

Ixodes tick (from mouse and deer)

Primary lesion of Lyme disease?

Erythema chronicum migrans

Lyme disease spreads to what organs during secondary stage?

``` BAKE a LYME pie Bell's, Arthritis, Kardiac block, ECM Heart - AV block Brain - CN 7 palsy (Bell's) Joints - migratory polyarthritis (knees) ```

DOC for Lyme disease?

Doxycycline

Cause of relapsing fever?

Borrelia recurrentis

What causes the relapse of fever in Borrelia?

Antigenic variation

Vector for Borrelia recurrentis?

Human louse | Pediculus humanus

DOC for relapsing fever?

Doxy or erythro

Special culture medium for Leptospira?

EMJH | Ellinghausen McCullough Johnson Harris

Characteristic shape of Leptospira when stained?

Shepherd's crook "ice tongs"

How long does the incubation period of Leptospira last?

2-20 days

Usual muscle affected by Leptospira?

Gastrocnemius (calf tenderness) | Rapid multiplication in muscles with high oxygen tension

Painful and itchy eyes during the acute leptospiremic phase that is due to damaged and leaky conjunctival vessels?

Conjunctival suffusion

Type of hypersensitivity in leptospirosis meningitis and GN?

Immune complex | Type III

CXR findings in leptospirosis?

Snow flake lesions

Most severe form of lepto?

Weil's

Triad of Weil's

Jaundice - orange skin Bleeding - pulmo hemorrhage Uremia - mental status changes

Treatment of leptospirosis?

Pen G | Prophylaxis: Doxy

Other bacteria Flashcards

(89 cards)