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Gram Negative Rods GIT GUT Flashcards

0
Q

Characteristic appearance of E. coli in EMB?

A

Metallic green sheen

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1
Q

Special mediums used for gram negative enterics?

A

EMB
MacConkey
Lactose vs Non lactose fermenters

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2
Q

Lactose fermenters?

A 
maCconKEE
Citrobacter
Kleb
Enterobacter
E. coli
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3
Q

Habitat of E. coli?

A

Human colon

Colonize vagina and urethra

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4
Q

Most common cause of community acquired UTI in the Philippines (underdeveloped countries)?
Also the most common cause of gram negative sepsis?

A

E. coli

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5
Q

Transmission of E. coli is via?

A

UTI - ascending
Neonatal men - birth
Diarrhea - fecal oral

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6
Q

Top three causes of neonatal meningitis?

A

GEL
GBS
E. coli
Listeria

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7
Q

Which E. coli strain causes watery diarrhea also known as traveler’s diarrhea?

A

ETEC

T - Toxigenic - Travelers

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8
Q

What causes watery stools in travelers diarrhea?

A

Pili + HST and HLT (cholera-like)
Inhibit Na reabsorption
Increase Cl and HCO3 secretion
TX: Hydrate!!

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9
Q

Which E. coli strain causes bloody diarrhea?

A

EHEC

H - Hemorrhagic - HUS

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10
Q

EHEC strain that causes HUS?

Anemia. Thrombocytopenia. Renal failure

A

E. coli O157:H7

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11
Q

Virulence factor responsible for bloody diarrhea and HUS?

A

Shiga like verotoxin

Inhibit 60s - no protein synthesis - cell death

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12
Q

Strain of E. coli that also causes bloody diarrhea due to invasion of epithelial cells with fever and CRAMPY abdominal pain?

A

EIEC
Invasive
Same toxin as shigella

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13
Q

Strain of E. coli that causes watery diarrhea of long duration in developing countries?

A

EPEC

P Pathogenic Pedia Philippines

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14
Q

Strain of E. coli that cause watery diarrhea in the immunocompromised?

A

EAEC

A Adherent AIDS

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15
Q

DOC for E. coli meningitis and sepsis? UTI?

A

Men and sepsis - Ceftriaxone

UTI - Ampicillin

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16
Q

Top three causes of gram negative sepsis

A

EK
E. coli
Kleb

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17
Q

Urease positive, with ESBL that cause nosocomial pneumonia in alcoholics?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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18
Q

Characteristic sputum of Kleb pneumonia?

A

Currant jelly sputum

Intussusception

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19
Q

Antigens present in Kleb?

A

Only K antigen (Kapsule)

No H antigen - nonmotile

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20
Q

Gram negative enteric that causes rice water stools?

A

Vibrio cholerae

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21
Q

Toxin responsible for watery stools in cholera?

A

Choleragen - ADP ribosylation
Inhibit Na reabsorption
Increase Cl and HCO3 secretion

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22
Q

Characteristic shape and motility of Vibrio cholerae?

A

Comma shaped
Shooting star motility
(Trichomonas falling leaf, Proteus swarming, Listeria tumbling)

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23
Q

What special medium is used to culture Vibrio cholerae?

A

TCBS

Thiosulfate Citrate Bile salts Sucrose

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24
Habitat of Vibrio cholerae?
Colon | Transmitte fecal oral by ingestion of fecal contaminated water
25
Species of Vibrio in raw seafood and in seafood handlers?
Raw - V. parahemolyticus | Handlers - V. vulnificus
26
DOC for cholera?
Tetracycline | Fluid replacement
27
DOC for v. parahemolyticus and vulnificans?
Minocycline | FQ
28
MCC of bacterial diarrhea overall?
Campylobacter jejuni
29
MCC of adult diarrhea? Pedia diarrhea?
Adult - Norwalk virus | Pedia - Rotavirus
30
Special medium for Campylobacter jejuni?
Campy's agar | Skirrows agar
31
Habitat of Campylobacter jejuni and transmission?
``` In animals (poultry) Fecal oral, drinking contaminated water or unpasteurized milk ```
32
Characteristic stools in Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis?
Watery, foul smelling, bloody
33
Two diseases associated with Campylobacter jejuni?
Guillain Barre Reactive arthritis (Reiter's) can't pee can't see can't climb a tree Urethritis uveitis arthritis
34
DOC for Campylobacter?
Supportive | Erythromycin only in severe
35
Urease positive gram negative enteric that is the MCC of duodenal ulcers and second MCC of gastric ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori
36
What are urease positive bacteria?
``` PKHU Particular kinds have urease Proteus Kleb H. pylori Ureaplasma ```
37
Pathogenesis of H. pylori?
Urease converts urea to ammonia, neutralize gastric acid to facilitate invasion
38
Tests done to detect H. pylori?
Urea breath test Stool antigen EGD with biopsy
39
Complications of PUD?
Bleeding Perforation - left gastric if lesser curvature, GD if duodenal ulcer Obstruction
40
Triple therapy of H. pylori? | Quadruple?
ACO Amox, clarith, omep OBMT Omep, bismuth, metro, tetra
41
TSI Agar is used to check for H2S production. What is the appearance of Salmonella cultures?
H2S producer! | vs Ecoli, acid slant and butt with gas but no H2S
42
Special medium used for Salmonella?
XLD | Xylose lysine deoxycholate
43
Obsolete test to check for antibodies against Salmonella in the serum? What is used today?
Widal test | Salmonella typhi IgM test
44
Transmission of Salmonella is via?
Fecal oral route | Ingestion of uncooked eggs
45
Most impt virulence factor that causes typhoid fever?
Capsular Vi (virulence) antigen
46
Chronic carrier states of typhoid invade what organ?
Gallbladder | Salmonella in bile, excreted in stool
47
Definition of stepwise fever seen in typhoid week 1
Pulse fever disproportion | No inc in HR by 10 with 1 degree inc in temp
48
Culture source during week 1, 2, 3?
BUS | 1 Blood 2 Urine 3 Stool
49
Rose spots appear during what week? | Ileitis?
Rose spots week 2 only in fair skinned people salmon colored | Ileitis (invade peyers) week 3
50
Dissemination of Salmonella affects what organs?
Bone, lung, brain
51
Population more prone to salmonella sepsis or osteomyelitis?
Sickle cell Asplenic Salmonella choleraesius
52
Species of Salmonella that cause GE?
S. enteritidis and typhimurium Low virulence More prone: antacid users and post gastrectomy
53
DOC of Salmonella?
Ciprofloxacin Ceftriaxone Vaccines?
54
Shigella cultured in what agar?
XLD Xylose lysine deoxycholate Salmonella Shigella agar
55
Shigella transmission via?
Four F's | Fingers. Food. Feces. Flies.
56
Shigella invades what part of the GIT?
Distal ileum | Colon
57
Shigella species that causes bacillary dysentery?
``` Shigella sonnei Duval bodies (Group D) ```
58
Shigella species that causes the MOST SEVERE form of bacillary dysentery?
Shigella dysenteriae type I
60
Treatment for shigella dysentery?
Supportive Resolves after 2-3 days Ciproflox if severe
61
Urease positive gram negative enteric that causes struvite stones?
Proteus
62
Proteus has what type of motility?
Swarming
63
Composition of struvite stones?
MAP Magnesium ammonium phosphate Urease converts urea to ammonia, alkalinizing the urine forming stones
64
DOC for Proteus?
TMP SMX Ampicillin If too large, surgically remove stone
65
Obligate aerobe Pseudomonas exhibit what pigment and odor?
Pyocyanin (blue green pigment) - damages the cilia | Fruity grapelike odor
66
MCC of ventilator acquired pneumonia?
Pseudomonas
67
What structural lung lesions predispose to Pseudomonas pneumonia?
Bronchiectasis | Cystic fibrosis
68
Pseudomonas causes what in diabetics?
Foot ulcers | Mastoid bone infection
69
Pseudomonas is the MCC of this ear infection?
Otitis externa | CSOM
70
Osteomyelitis secondary to Pseudomonas by IV drug users affect what bone?
Vertebrae (Pubis)
71
Mild form of typhoid fever caused by Pseudomonas?
Shanghai fever
72
Suitable combination for treatment of Pseudomonas?
Antipseudomonal drug + Aminoglycoside | Piperacillin/Ceftaz + Amikacin
73
Drug given to Pseudomonas if refractory to other drugs?
Rifampin
74
Anaerobic gram negative enteric that causes abscess and peritonitis secondary to bowel trauma or perforation during surgery?
Bacteroides fragilis ABC Anaerobes Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Clostridium
75
DOC for bacteroides?
Clinda, Metro, Cefoxitin

Microbiology (7 decks)

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