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Question 1

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Facilitates the efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the external environment.

Question 2

What are the four general functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

• Internal Respiration
• Pulmonary Ventilation
• External Respiration
• Transport of Gases

Question 3

What is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 3

Also called breathing, it is the mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs.

Question 4

What occurs during external respiration?

Answer 4

The exchange of gases that occurs between the blood and body tissues.

Question 5

What is external respiration?

Answer 5

The exchange of gases that occurs between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries.

Question 6

What is the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Answer 6

Serves as the passageway of air into the lungs.

Question 7

What does the respiratory zone consist of?

Answer 7

Structures that facilitate the actual gas exchange.

Question 8

What is the primary entrance of air into the respiratory tract?

Answer 8

Nose.

Question 9

What are the functions of the nose in the respiratory system?

Answer 9

• Helps moisten incoming air
• Warms incoming air
• Filters incoming air

Question 10

What is the nasal cavity and its components?

Answer 10

Consists of nasal hairs (vibrissae) and cilia, which filter the air.

Question 11

What is the function of the pharynx?

Answer 11

Serves as a passageway for both air and food into the esophagus.

Question 12

What is the role of the epiglottis?

Answer 12

Helps close the entrance to the trachea when swallowing food.

Question 13

What is the function of the larynx?

Answer 13

Helps in sound production and protects the trachea from food aspiration.

Question 14

What connects the larynx to the lungs?

Answer 14

Trachea.

Question 15

What does the trachea consist of that aids in its function?

Answer 15

Cilia that help propel debris-containing mucus back into the esophagus.

Question 16

What are bronchi?

Answer 16

Two branches that penetrate into each of the lungs originating from the trachea.

Question 17

What do bronchi consist of?

Answer 17

Cartilage and smooth muscles that prevent it from collapsing.

Question 18

How many times do the bronchi branch to form smaller bronchioles?

Answer 18

Approximately 23 times.

Question 19

What are the primary respiratory organs?

Answer 19

Lungs.

Question 20

What are alveoli?

Answer 20

Thin-walled structures rich in capillaries that allow efficient gas exchange.

Question 21

What is the general mechanism of breathing called?

Answer 21

Pulmonary ventilation.

Question 22

What muscles are involved in the general mechanism of breathing?

Answer 22

• Ribs
• Diaphragm
• Intercostal muscles

Question 23

What are the two phases of breathing?

Answer 23

• Inspiration
• Expiration

Question 24

What happens to lung volume during respiratory muscle contraction?

Answer 24

Increase in the volume of the lungs.

Question 25

What occurs to air pressure in the lungs during respiratory muscle contraction?

Answer 25

Decrease in air pressure in the lungs.

Question 26

What happens to lung volume during respiratory muscle relaxation?

Answer 26

Decrease in the volume of the lungs.

Question 27

What occurs to air pressure in the lungs during respiratory muscle relaxation?

Answer 27

Increase in air pressure in the lungs.

Question 28

What is the partial pressure of O2 in the alveolus compared to blood?

Answer 28

Higher in the alveolus and lower in the blood.

Question 29

What is the partial pressure of CO2 in the alveolus compared to blood?

Answer 29

Lower in the alveolus and higher in the blood.

Question 30

What enables gas exchange in the alveoli?

Answer 30

Differences in the partial pressures or concentrations of the gases.