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(90 cards)

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1
Q

What is ingestion?

A

The process of taking in food usually at the point where the gastrointestinal tract begins.

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2
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process of breaking down the ingested food into smaller molecules for efficient absorption of nutrients.

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3
Q

What is secretion in the digestive system?

A

The process where digestive organs synthesize and release enzymes that facilitate chemical digestion.

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4
Q

What is absorption in the digestive system?

A

The process where ingested food is completely digested for transport to other tissues of the body.

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5
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

The physical breakdown of food molecules that increases the surface area of food available for digestion.

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6
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

The process involving enzymes that break down food molecules, making absorption more efficient.

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7
Q

List the parts of the human digestive system.

A
  • Mouth Cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Epiglottis
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Large Intestine
  • Rectum & Anus
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8
Q

What is the role of the mouth in digestion?

A

It is a site for both mechanical and chemical digestion.

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9
Q

What separates the oral and nasal cavities in humans?

A

The hard and soft palates.

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10
Q

What is the function of the tongue?

A

It is a muscular organ for tactility and gustation.

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11
Q

How many teeth do humans have?

A

32 teeth.

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12
Q

What is the laryngopharynx?

A

The lowest tube that is the passageway for food.

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13
Q

What is the function of the pharynx?

A

It connects the mouth and esophagus.

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14
Q

What is the nasopharynx?

A

The upper portion that is the passageway for air.

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15
Q

What is the oropharynx?

A

The middle tube that serves as a food and air passage.

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16
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

A flap of tissue found in the throat that helps prevent the entry of food into the respiratory tract.

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17
Q

What does the esophagus connect?

A

It connects the mouth with the stomach.

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18
Q

What prevents food backflow in the esophagus?

A

Sphincters.

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19
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Involuntary muscle contractions that push food through the digestive tract.

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20
Q

Describe the stomach.

A

A hollow, curved, muscular organ that serves as a site for both storage and digestion of food.

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21
Q

What are rugae?

A

Folds in the stomach that allow stretching to accommodate food.

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22
Q

List the parts of the stomach.

A
  • Cardia
  • Fundus
  • Pylorus
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23
Q

What is gastric amylase?

A

An enzyme that digests complex carbohydrates into smaller disaccharides.

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24
Q

What is the function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

A

Helps kill bacterial cells present in food and activates pepsinogen.

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25
What is pepsin?
A protease that initiates protein digestion.
26
How long is the small intestine?
20 feet long.
27
Where does most chemical digestion occur in the small intestine?
Duodenum.
28
What are the jejunum and ileum responsible for?
Sites of digestion and nutrient absorption.
29
What does maltase do?
Digests maltose into monosaccharides.
30
What does lactase do?
Digests lactose into monosaccharides.
31
What does nucleosidase digest?
Digests nucleotides into component phosphates, sugars, and bases.
32
What is the function of the large intestine?
Absorption of vitamins and water.
33
What is the primary secretion of the large intestine?
Mucus.
34
What is the rectum's role in the digestive system?
Storage site for feces before defecation.
35
What do the anal columns and sphincters regulate?
Defecation.
36
What are accessory organs in the digestive system?
Organs that are not part of the GI tract but produce digestive enzymes.
37
What do salivary glands secrete?
Saliva that lubricates and moistens food.
38
What enzyme does saliva contain?
Amylase.
39
What is the function of the liver in digestion?
Synthesis of bile.
40
What is the role of the gallbladder?
Stores bile and regulates its secretion.
41
What does the pancreas release?
Pancreatic juice containing amylase, trypsin, and lipase.
42
What is the function of lipase?
Responsible for lipid digestion.
43
What does trypsin do?
Responsible for protein digestion.
44
What does amylase digest?
Responsible for starch digestion.
45
What does nuclease do?
Performs nucleic acid digestion.
46
What is ingestion?
The process of taking in food usually at the point where the gastrointestinal tract begins.
47
What is digestion?
The process of breaking down the ingested food into smaller molecules for efficient absorption of nutrients.
48
What is secretion in the digestive system?
The process where digestive organs synthesize and release enzymes that facilitate chemical digestion.
49
What is absorption in the digestive system?
The process where ingested food is completely digested for transport to other tissues of the body.
50
What is mechanical digestion?
The physical breakdown of food molecules that increases the surface area of food available for digestion.
51
What is chemical digestion?
The process involving enzymes that break down food molecules, making absorption more efficient.
52
List the parts of the human digestive system.
* Mouth Cavity * Pharynx * Epiglottis * Esophagus * Stomach * Small Intestine * Large Intestine * Rectum & Anus
53
What is the role of the mouth in digestion?
It is a site for both mechanical and chemical digestion.
54
What separates the oral and nasal cavities in humans?
The hard and soft palates.
55
What is the function of the tongue?
It is a muscular organ for tactility and gustation.
56
How many teeth do humans have?
32 teeth.
57
What is the laryngopharynx?
The lowest tube that is the passageway for food.
58
What is the function of the pharynx?
It connects the mouth and esophagus.
59
What is the nasopharynx?
The upper portion that is the passageway for air.
60
What is the oropharynx?
The middle tube that serves as a food and air passage.
61
What is the epiglottis?
A flap of tissue found in the throat that helps prevent the entry of food into the respiratory tract.
62
What does the esophagus connect?
It connects the mouth with the stomach.
63
What prevents food backflow in the esophagus?
Sphincters.
64
What is peristalsis?
Involuntary muscle contractions that push food through the digestive tract.
65
Describe the stomach.
A hollow, curved, muscular organ that serves as a site for both storage and digestion of food.
66
What are rugae?
Folds in the stomach that allow stretching to accommodate food.
67
List the parts of the stomach.
* Cardia * Fundus * Pylorus
68
What is gastric amylase?
An enzyme that digests complex carbohydrates into smaller disaccharides.
69
What is the function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
Helps kill bacterial cells present in food and activates pepsinogen.
70
What is pepsin?
A protease that initiates protein digestion.
71
How long is the small intestine?
20 feet long.
72
Where does most chemical digestion occur in the small intestine?
Duodenum.
73
What are the jejunum and ileum responsible for?
Sites of digestion and nutrient absorption.
74
What does maltase do?
Digests maltose into monosaccharides.
75
What does lactase do?
Digests lactose into monosaccharides.
76
What does nucleosidase digest?
Digests nucleotides into component phosphates, sugars, and bases.
77
What is the function of the large intestine?
Absorption of vitamins and water.
78
What is the primary secretion of the large intestine?
Mucus.
79
What is the rectum's role in the digestive system?
Storage site for feces before defecation.
80
What do the anal columns and sphincters regulate?
Defecation.
81
What are accessory organs in the digestive system?
Organs that are not part of the GI tract but produce digestive enzymes.
82
What do salivary glands secrete?
Saliva that lubricates and moistens food.
83
What enzyme does saliva contain?
Amylase.
84
What is the function of the liver in digestion?
Synthesis of bile.
85
What is the role of the gallbladder?
Stores bile and regulates its secretion.
86
What does the pancreas release?
Pancreatic juice containing amylase, trypsin, and lipase.
87
What is the function of lipase?
Responsible for lipid digestion.
88
What does trypsin do?
Responsible for protein digestion.
89
What does amylase digest?
Responsible for starch digestion.
90
What does nuclease do?
Performs nucleic acid digestion.

BIO2 (5 decks)

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