o Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is the transport mechanism in hydras and planarians without a circulatory system?
The gastrovascular cavity is lined with specialized cells that use diffusion to distribute nutrients.
What is hemolymph?
A fluid present instead of blood in organisms with an open circulatory system, such as arthropods and mollusks.
What type of circulatory system do arthropods like grasshoppers have?
An open circulatory system that uses hemolymph pumped by the heart into tissue spaces.
What is present in a closed circulatory system?
Blood.
Where is hemoglobin found in a closed circulatory system?
Dissolved in the blood.
What type of circulatory pathway is common in fishes?
Single-loop circulatory pathway.
What is characteristic of the heart in a single-loop circulatory system?
It has a single atrium and a single ventricle.
What type of circulatory pathway is found in amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals?
Double-loop circulatory pathway.
What is the structure of hearts in organisms with double-loop systems?
They have 3-chambered or 4-chambered hearts.
What are the two circuits in a double-loop circulatory system?
Systemic circuit and pulmonary circuit.
What is the function of the pulmonary circuit?
It collects oxygen-poor blood from all parts of the body to the lungs.
What does the systemic circuit do?
Carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs throughout the body.
What percentage of blood volume is plasma in the human body?
About 55%.
What is the role of proteins in blood plasma?
Involved in buffering the blood.
What makes red blood cells (RBCs) red in color?
Hemoglobin.
What is a unique feature of red blood cells?
They lack a nucleus and are biconcave disks.
What are the three types of granulocytes?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
What are monocytes known for?
They are large phagocytic macrophages.
What role do lymphocytes play in the immune system?
They are important for adaptive immunity, including T cells and B cells.
What is the function of platelets in the blood?
They play an important role in blood clotting.
What are the three major steps in capillary exchange?
- Filtration
- No net movement
- Reabsorption
What is the transport mechanism in hydras and planarians without a circulatory system?
The gastrovascular cavity is lined with specialized cells that use diffusion to distribute nutrients.
What is hemolymph?
A fluid present instead of blood in organisms with an open circulatory system, such as arthropods and mollusks.
What type of circulatory system do arthropods like grasshoppers have?
An open circulatory system that uses hemolymph pumped by the heart into tissue spaces.
