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T1- Dani's GA1 > GA1 - liver and gallbladder > Flashcards

GA1 - liver and gallbladder Flashcards

1
Q

largest organ in the body

A

skin

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2
Q

liver and gallbladder are both ___peritoneal

A

intra-

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3
Q

largest visceral organ in the body

A

liver

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4
Q

location of the liver

A

right hypochondrium extending to the left

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5
Q

liver is the chief site of ____ ___

A

intermediary metabolism

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6
Q

liver secretes ___

A

bile

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7
Q

bile helps in the digestion of ___; emulsifies ___

A

fat

fat

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8
Q

liver synthesizes ___ proteins and ___

A

serum

lipids

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9
Q

serum proteins like ____, ____, ___

A

albumin, fibrinogen, immunoglobulins

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10
Q

liver processes ____ and ___ substances

A

endogenous

exogenous

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11
Q

endogenous substances are

A

drugs you would take will be detoxified as well as alcohol

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12
Q

liver participates in elimination of senescent cells and particulate matter

A

senescent

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13
Q

senescent cells are ____ cells

A

aging

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14
Q

von culfer cells - ____ cells

A

phagocytic

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15
Q

liver in fetal life, it has participated in ___

A

hematopoiesis

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16
Q

liver has 2 surfaces

A

diaphragmatic and visceral

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17
Q

diaphragmatic surface has 2 recesses

A

subphrenic and hepatorenal

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18
Q

livers visceral surface is covered by ___ peritoneum except in the fossa for the ___ and at the ___ ___

A

visceral
gallbladder
porta hepatis

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19
Q

liver related to the right anterior part of the ____

A

stomach

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20
Q

liver related to the superior part of ___

A

duodenum

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21
Q

liver related to the ___ omentum

A

lesser

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22
Q

liver related to the right ___ ___

A

colic flexure

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23
Q

liver related to the right ___ colon

A

transverse

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24
Q

liver related to the right ___ gland and ___

A

suprarenal

kidney

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25
Q

anterior there looks like there are only ___ lobes

A

two

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26
Q

structurally caudate and quadrate lobers are part of the ___ lobe but functionally they are part of the ___ lobe

A

right

left

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27
Q

between caudate and quadrate you will find the fossa/bed for the ____

A

gallbladder

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28
Q

hilum contains 5 things

A 
R/L hepatic arteries
R/L hepatic ducts
portal veins
sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers
lymphatics
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29
Q

2 types of ligaments in the liver

A

peritoneal and non-peritoneal

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30
Q

4 types of peritoneal ligaments in the liver

A

falciform
coronary
R/L triangular
lesser omentum

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31
Q

falciform ligament is ____ and separates the ____ and ___ lobes

A

anteriorly

left and right

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32
Q

falciform ligament is ____ and runs from the ___ to the ____

A

wide
diaphragm
umbilicus

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33
Q

2 types of non-peritoneal ligaments in the liver

A

round

ligamentum venosum

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34
Q

round ligament is the reminant of the ____ vein

A

umbilical

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35
Q

round ligament is the inferior free edge of the ___ ligament

A

falciform

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36
Q

what makes the caudate and quadrate functionally part of the left lobe?

A

blood supply and venous drainage is the same

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37
Q

bile for the left lobe, quadrate and caudate will join together to form the __ ___ duct

A

left hepatic

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38
Q

left and right triangular ligaments attaches to the ____; extensions of ____; extend around to form the ___ ligament

A

diaphragm
peritoneum
coronary

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39
Q

coronary ligament attaches to the ____

A

diaphragm

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40
Q

bare area of the liver is not covered by ____ peritoneum; surrounded by the ____ ligament

A

visceral

coronary

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41
Q

ligamentum teres also called the ____ ligament

A

round

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42
Q

ligamentum teres contains the obliterated ___ vein

A

umbilical

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43
Q

ligamentum teres is the inferior edge of the ___ ligament

A

fulciform

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44
Q

the inferior border is ____; if its rounded, then that means the liver is ____

A

sharp

enlarged

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45
Q

____ ____ is between the left lobe and caudate

A

ligamentum venosum

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46
Q

____ ____ ___ between caudate and left lobe

A

inferior vena cava

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47
Q

ligament of vena cava holds the ___ ___ in place

A

vena cava

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48
Q

___ ___ between quadrate and left lobe

A

round ligament/ligamentum teres

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49
Q

common bile duct is the union of left and right ___ ___

A

hepatic duct

50
Q

___ is between quadrate and right lobe

A

gallbladder

51
Q

left and intermediate hepatic vv. recieve blood from ___ lobe, ___ and ____ and takes deoxygenated blood to the ____ ___ ___

A

left
caudate
quadrate
inferior vena cava

52
Q

right hepatic v. takes deoxygenated blood from the ___ lobe to the ___ ____ ___

A

right

inferior vena cava

53
Q

portal vein carries deoxygenated blood that is rich in ____ from the ___ and ___ to the liver

A

nutrients
intestines
stomach

54
Q

proper hepatic artery carries ____ blood

A

oxygenated

55
Q

liver sinusoid are modified ____ that carry blood

A

capillaries

56
Q

trace the blood flow from portal v. to IVC

A

portal v –> portal venules –> sinusoids –> central v. –> sublobular –> hepatic v. –> IVC

57
Q

celiac trunk is a ___ artery

A

short

58
Q

celiac trunk gives off 3 branches (superior, left and right)

A 
superior = left gastric a
left = splanchnic a
right = common hepatic a
59
Q

common hepatic artery gives off a superior and inferior branch

A 
superior = proper hepatic artery
inferior = gastric duodenal artery
60
Q

blood supply to the liver

A

hepatic artery

61
Q

veins of the liver

A

portal and hepatic `

62
Q

portal v is formed by 2 large veins

A

splenic v

superior mesenteric v

63
Q

inferior mesenteric v drains into the ___

A

splenic

64
Q

inferior mesenteric can sometimes be at the junction of the __ and ___ ___ veins

A

splenic

superior mesenteric

65
Q

left gastric v anatomoses with ___ tributaries of the azygous system

A

esophageal

66
Q

esophageal varicose v

A

dilated and enlarged veins

67
Q

since the blood is being directed somewhere else. 2 things can happen

A

varicose v or vv can rupture

68
Q

if the esophageal tributaries rupture it can lead to…

A

vomiting blood

69
Q

if the esophageal tributaries become varicose vv…

A

metallic taste, loss of appetite

70
Q

paraumbilical vv anastomose with superficial ___ vv

A

abdominal

71
Q

paraumbilical vv are along side the ___ ___ ___

A

ligamentum teres hepatis

72
Q

paraumbilical vv become snake-like =

A

capitmedusa

73
Q

superior rectal vv anastomose with middle and inferior ____ vv

A

rectal

74
Q

tributaries of the celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric vv with ___, ___ and ___ vv

A

renal
phrenic
lumbar

75
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of peritoneal fluid in the abdominal cavity

76
Q

by the superior rectal vv anastomosing with middle and inferior rectal vv it can cause ___ ___

A

internal hemorroids

77
Q

liver cirrhosis

A

liver cells are replaced by fibrous tissue; obstruction of liver sinusoids

78
Q

when there is an obstruction of the liver sinusoids = portal ____

A

hypertension

79
Q

trace the lymphatic drainage of liver from hepatic nodes to the cisterna chyli

A

hepatic nodes –> celiac nodes –> cisterna chyli

80
Q

hepatic cephelopathy

A

uria in the the brain from the liver

81
Q

hepatic cephelopathy caused by 3 things

A

alcoholism
hepatitis
liver cancer

82
Q

nerve supply to the liver

A

celiac plexus

83
Q

nerve supply to the liver carries ___ gg parasymp

A

pre

84
Q

nerve supply to the liver carries __ gg symp

A

post

85
Q

liver has prevertebral gg = ___ gg

A

celiac

86
Q

celiac gg around the ___ trunk

A

celiac

87
Q

vagus nerve carries ___ and ___ ____ to the liver

A

GVA; pregg parasymp

88
Q

sympathetic n are from

A

lateral horn of T5-T9

89
Q

sympathetic fibers and vagus carry

A

GVA

90
Q

umbilical vv carries ___ blood and become ___ ___ ____

A

oxygenated

ligamentum teres hepatis

91
Q

ductus venosus is the connection between ___ v and ____ v

A

umbilical v

hepatic v

92
Q

ductus venosus becomes __ __ between the caudate and left lobe

A

ligamentum venosus

93
Q

bile is secreted by the ___ and is stored and concentrated in the ___

A

liver

gallbladder

94
Q

biliary system contains 4 things

A

R/L hepatic ducts
common hepatic duct
gallbladder and cystic duct
common bile duct

95
Q

R/L hepatic duct unite to become

A

common hepatic duct

96
Q

common hepatic and cystic unite to become

A

common bile duct

97
Q

common bile duct goes to the ___ portion of the duodenum

A

2nd

98
Q

main pancreatic duct combines with the ___ ___ ___

A

common bile duct

99
Q

gallbladder is a ___-___ sac found on the ___ of the liver

A

pear-shaped

undersurface

100
Q

gallbladder has a capacity of __-__ml and stores ___

A

30-50

bile

101
Q

3 parts to gallbladder

A

fundus
body
neck

102
Q

fundus of the liver is ___ and projects beyond ___ margin of the liver

A

rounded

inferior

103
Q

body of the liver lies in contact with ___ surface of liver

A

visceral

104
Q

neck of the liver is continuous with the __ duct

A

cystic

105
Q

gallbladder concentrates ___

A

bile

106
Q

gallbladder releases bile when stimulated by ___

A

cholecystokinin

107
Q

blood supply to the gallbladder from ___ artery

A

cystic

108
Q

nerve supply to the gallbladder from the ___ plexus

A

celiac

109
Q

cystic duct ___in long

A

1.5

110
Q

cystic duct is a mucous membrane raised to form a ___ fold

A

spiral

111
Q

the spiral fold of the cystic duct keeps the lumen ___

A

patent

112
Q

2nd part of the duodenum causing a protrusion =

A

major duodenal papilla

113
Q

dilation/opening = hepatopancreatic ampulla which is within the ___ ___ ___

A

major duodenal papilla

114
Q

surrounding ampulla is a circular smooth muscle =

A

hepatopancreatic sphincter

115
Q

hepatopancreatic sphincter regulates how much __ goes into the ___

A

bile

duodenum

116
Q

if the hepatopancreatic sphincter contracts= __ bile from entering and will run ___ to gallbladder

A

preventing

gallbladder

117
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver which may be due to metastatic carcinoma or liver cirrhosis

118
Q

jaundice

A

yellowish discoloration of the skin and sclerae due to hyerbilirubinemia

119
Q

alcoholic cirrhosis

A

progressive destruction of hepatocytes and replacement of them by fibrous tissue; usually leads to portal hypertension

120
Q

cholelithiasis (gallstones)

A

crystallization of the bile salts and cholesteral

121
Q

cholelithiasis occurs most in the 5 Fs

A

female, fat, forties, fertile, flatus gaseous

122
Q

to correct cholelithiasis - 2 ways

A

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

ERCP

T1- Dani's GA1 (17 decks)

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