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movement science #3 > gait (lecture 1 + 2) > Flashcards

gait (lecture 1 + 2) Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

when in development are these characteristics part of gait:

  1. high guard
  2. fast feet
  3. flat foot
  4. short steps
A

1 year old

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2
Q

when in development are these characteristics part of gait:

  1. heel strike
  2. arm swinging
  3. running
A

18 months

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3
Q

when in development are these characteristics part of gait:

  1. normal BOS
  2. tip toes
  3. hopping
A

2-3 years old

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4
Q

when in development is gait similar to an adults?

A

7 years old

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5
Q

how long does gait initiation take

A

0.64 seconds

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6
Q

what phase of gait is the R leg when L is in terminal stance?

A

terminal swing

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7
Q

toe out measurement

A

heel to 2nd toe

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8
Q

gait cadence norms

A

110-120

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9
Q

gait velocity norms

A

1.23-1.3 m/sec

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10
Q

step width norms

A

1-5 (3.5 average)

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11
Q

what 2 phases of gait are toes most important

A

terminal stance (30)
preswing (60)

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12
Q

what part of gait needs the most knee flexion

A

initial swing (60*)

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13
Q

what part of gait needs the most hip flexion

A

midswing (25*)

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14
Q

what part of gait needs the most DF? how about PF?

A

terminal stance (10* DF)

preswing (15-20* PF)

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15
Q

minimal hip (flx/ext) ROM for gait

A

ext = 20
flx = 30

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16
Q

minimal knee (flx/ext) ROM for gait

A

ext = 0
flx = 60

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17
Q

minimal ankle (df/pf) ROM for gait

A

df = 10
pf = 20

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18
Q

ground reaction forces

A

forces applied to foot by ground during STANCE

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19
Q

external moment in gait

A

gravity, inertia, GRF

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20
Q

internal moment in gait

A

direction opposite of the external moments
(muscle contractions, ligament forces, etc)

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21
Q

power generation

A

concentric muscle shortening

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22
Q

power absorption

A

eccentric muscle lengthening

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23
Q

how COP shifts through foot (4 steps)

A
  1. posterior-lateral heel
  2. lateral midfoot
  3. medial ball of foot
  4. toes 1 + 2 (preswing)
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24
Q

GRF in initial contact
(hip, knee, + ankle)

A

hip: anterior (ext)
knee: anterior (flex)
ankle: posterior (df)

(hip and ankle are always opposite)

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25
GRF in loading response (hip, knee, + ankle)
hip: anterior (ext) knee: posterior (ext) ankle: posterior (df)
26
GRF in midstance (hip, knee, + ankle)
hip: posterior (flex) knee: anterior (flex) ankle: anterior (pf)
27
GRF in terminal stance (hip, knee, + ankle)
hip: posterior (flex) knee: anterior (flex) ankle: anterior (pf)
28
GRF in preswing (hip, knee, + ankle)
hip: posterior (flex) knee: posterior (ext) ankle: anterior (pf)
29
4 rockers of ankle/foot
1. heel 2. ankle 3. forefoot 4. toe
30
sinusoidal pattern occurs in which plane? whats the average measurement?
sagittal (4-5cm up and down)
31
when is the sinusoidal pattern in gait the highest? how about lowest?
high: midstance low: initial contact
32
average degrees of pelvic rotation in gait
4-8*
33
2 frontal plane movements of pelvis in gait (plus the average #s for bonus pts)
side to side: 4-5 cm pelvic drop: 5*
34
what phases of gait do erector spinae turn on?
IC + PSw
35
postural righting
dynamic process of re-alignment when changing postures
36
shoulder ROM in gait
flx = 6 ext = 24
37
elbow ROM in gait
20-45
38
what joint experiences 3x more torque when walking up and down stairs?
knee
39
% of stance vs swing phase of stair gait
64% stance 36% swing
40
most knee flexion in stair gait is needed during __________
foot clearance
41
most hip flexion in stair gait is needed during _________
foot placement + weight acceptance
42
GFRs at CoP during running are over ____% of body weight
200%
42
what joint experiences the most torque during running gait
knee
42
% in stance vs swing vs float in running gate
40% stance 40% swing 10% float (x2)
42
knee ROM at midswing in running
130*
43
hip ROM at terminal swing in running
60*
43
ankle DF during loading in running
30*
44
2 phases in weight acceptance in walking gait
IC + LR
45
double limb support % in young vs elderly
18% young 30% old
46
community functional benchmarks for... 1. gait speed 2. distance 3. curb height
1. 4 ft/sec 2. 300 m 3. 8 in
47
4 main trunk deviations in abnormal gait
1. forward lean (tight hip flx) 2. backward lean (weak hip ext) 3. lateral lean (weak hip abd) 4. rotation (trunk moves with pelvis)
48
2 common pelvic deviations with leg length discrepancies
vault hip hike
49
what muscle group is weak in post and ant pelvic tilt
hip extensors
50
excessive backward pelvis rotation can indicate...(2)
weak calves (no PF in Terminal stance) excess hip flexion
51
weak hip abductors cause hip drop on which side?
contralateral (note: adductor hip contracture presents similar)
52
if hip is excessively flexed, the knee may be flexed and ankle may be DF. this requires an increased demand on which 2 muscle groups?
quads hip extensors
53
past retract compensation
excessive hip flexion to rapidly extend flaccid knee
54
anteversion
internal rotation
55
retroversion
external rotation
56
is ER or IR a compensation for PF contracture
ER
57
adduction of hips results as a weakness in which ipsi muscle
glute med
58
how is shock absorption impacted when knee flexion is limited
it is DECREASED in loading response
59
genu recurvatum is caused by... (3)
1. weak quads 2. weak PFs 3. laxity
60
how does decreased knee extension impact ankles
creates excessive DF + weakens PF muscles
61
what muscle group is weak in foot slap
DFs
62
t/f: 15* PF doe NOT create toe drag
true! 15 is normal in gait
62
3 muscles that are overactive with ankle inversion
ant tib post tib soleus
63
2 muscles that are weak with ankle inversion
fibs (peroneals) dorsiflexors (pretibials)
64
2 muscles that are weak when everting in Weight Acceptance + SL support
post tib soleus
65
excessive DF creates an exaggerated ______ rocker at IC
heel
66
what muscle group is ineffectively stabilizing the tibia when presenting with excessive DF
soleus
67
toes up during SL advancement indicates weakness in what muscle
ant tib (trying to compensate for less DF)

movement science #3 (4 decks)

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