knee

Question 1

tibiofemoral angle (+ #s)

Answer 1

ASIS, midpoint of patella, midpoint between malleoli

165-175

Question 2

genu valgum tibiofemoral alignment

Answer 2

165* or less

Question 3

genu varum tibiofemoral alignment

Answer 3

175* or more

Question 4

where are the compressive forces in genu valgum

Answer 4

lateral

Question 5

functions of menisci

Answer 5

increase congruence
reduce friction
shock absorption
stability

Question 6

which meniscus is C shaped

Answer 6

medial

Question 7

what 4 structures attach to medial meniscus

Answer 7

MCL (joint capsule)
ACL
PCL
semimembranosus

Question 8

what 3 structures attach to lateral meniscus

Answer 8

ACL
PCL
popliteus

Question 9

where does the central part of the meniscus get its nutrients from

Answer 9

diffusion of synovial fluid

Question 10

what joint(s) does the knee capsule enclose

Answer 10

tibiofemoral
patellofemoral

Question 11

what 2 ligaments of the knee are intracapsular and extrasynovial

Answer 11

ACL
PCL

Question 12

synovial plica

Answer 12

folds of synovial membrane

Question 13

what is the thickest band in the medial retinaculum

Answer 13

medial patellofemoral ligament

Question 14

what ligament is clinically important to maintain patella in femoral sulcus

Answer 14

medial patellofemoral ligament

Question 15

varus = _____ of tibia (add/ab)
valgus = _____ of tibia (add/ab)

in relation to femur

Answer 15

add
ab

Question 16

t/f: MCL and LCL work in knee extension and flexion

Answer 16

true!!!

Question 17

3 motions MCL resists

Answer 17

valgus
medial tib rotation
lateral tib rotation

Question 18

2 motions LCL resists

Answer 18

varus
lateral tib rotation

Question 19

what ligament helps prevent posterolateral rotatory instability

Answer 19

LCL

Question 20

when is PLB of ACL taut vs the AMB

Answer 20

PLB = near full extension
AMB = beyond 15* knee flx

Question 21

what band of the ACL resists hyperextension and rotatory instability

Answer 21

PLB

Question 22

from femur, what direction does ACL go to attach to tibia

Answer 22

inferior, medial, + anterior

Question 23

how do most ACL injuries occur

Answer 23

knee is slightly flexed
valgus force occurs
anterior tibial translation

Question 24

muscles that act to translate tibia anteriorly relative to femur (2)

Answer 24

quads
gastroc

Question 25

muscles that act to translate tibia posteriorly on femur (2)

Answer 25

hammies soleus

Question 26

does PCL or ACL have greater cross-sectional area

Answer 26

PCL!

Question 27

when is PMB of PCL taut vs the ALB

Answer 27

PMB = near full extension ALB = 80-90* knee flexion

Question 28

what 2 muscles share roles with the PCL

Answer 28

quads popliteus

Question 29

what does the arcuate ligament resist (4)

Answer 29

knee extension varus valgus rotation

Question 30

IT band compressing _____ at 30* knee flexion has been found to cause pain

Answer 30

highly vascularized/innervated adipose tissue

Question 31

closed chain knee flexion arthrokinematics

Answer 31

femur rolls posteriorly glides anteriorly (convex on concave)

Question 32

closed chain knee extension arthrokinematics

Answer 32

femur rolls anteriorly glides posteriorly (convex on concave)

Question 33

open chain knee flexion arthrokinematics

Answer 33

tibia rolls posteriorly glides posteriorly (concave on convex)

Question 34

open chain knee extension arthrokinematics

Answer 34

tibial rolls anteriorly glides anteriorly (concave on convex)

Question 35

normal knee ROM

Answer 35

5-0-140

Question 36

how much knee flexion do stairs require

Answer 36

80*

Question 37

knee extension may be limited by 2 movements at the ankle

Answer 37

fixed DF tight PF

Question 38

knee recurvatum may be caused by what tight muscle group

Answer 38

PFs

Question 39

in regards to knee ligaments, closed-chain knee flexion causes ______ to become taut and knee extension causes ____ to become taut

Answer 39

ACL PCL

Question 40

loose packed position of knee

Answer 40

30* flexion

Question 41

coupled motions: knee flexion occurs with slight ______ knee extension occurs with slight _____

Answer 41

varus valgus

Question 42

in open chain, how does the tibia rotate on the femur to get into extension

Answer 42

laterally (LOCK = L for lateral, O for open chain)

Question 43

in closed chain, how does the femur rotate on the tibia to get into extension

Answer 43

medially

Question 44

to unlock the knee in open chain, how does the tibia rotate on the femur

Answer 44

medial rotation

Question 45

popliteus action in open vs closed chain

Answer 45

unlocks knee! open = medial rotation of tibia closed = lateral rotation of femur

Question 46

pes anserinus

Answer 46

sartorius semitendinosis gracilis

Question 47

medial knee flexors produce _____ moments, lateral knee flexors produce ____ moments

Answer 47

varus valgus

Question 48

resultant pull of quads is _____ degrees lateral + ____ degrees anterior

Answer 48

7-10 3-5

Question 49

where do VL and VM have a large compressive force

Answer 49

posteriorly

Question 50

what 2 muscles (not connected to the knee joint) can influence knee extension in weight bearing?

Answer 50

glute max soleus

Question 51

in anatomical neutral, what kind of moment is created at the knee joint

Answer 51

extension bc line is anterior to knee

Question 52

quads are ___x as strong as hammies

Answer 52

2x

Question 53

when are quads having to generate the most torque in open chain vs closed chain

Answer 53

open = extension closed = flexion

Question 54

ACL strains higher with quad contraction between ___-___ degrees of knee flexion

Answer 54

0-50

Question 55

ACL, ITB, hammies, soleus, + glute max limit....

Answer 55

anterior tibial translation

Question 56

PCL, MFL, quads, popliteus, gastrocs limit...

Answer 56

posterior tibial translation

Question 57

MCL, ACL, PCL, arcuate, POL, medial muscles, pes anserinus muscles limit...

Answer 57

valgus

Question 58

LCL, ITB, ACL, PCL, arcuate, POL, Lateral muscles limit...

Answer 58

varus

Question 59

ACL, PCL, PM Capsule, MFL, BF, MCL, LCL limit...

Answer 59

medial tibial rotation

Question 60

PL capsule, MCL, LCL, medial muscles limit...

Answer 60

lateral rotation of tibia

Question 60

patella alta vs baja

Answer 60

longer + higher (unstable) vs shorter + lower

Question 61

what knee position puts patella under large compressive forces

Answer 61

flexion

Question 62

running stress on patellofemoral joint is _____x body weight

Answer 62

5-6x

Question 63

Q angle is used to assess...

Answer 63

resultant pull

Question 64

what is a normal Q angle range

Answer 64

10-15

Question 65

3 things that cause women to have more of a Q angle than men

Answer 65

wider pelvis hip anteversion knee valgus

Question 66

increased Q angle presents as genu _____

Answer 66

valgum

Question 67

passive insufficiency

Answer 67

lengthened across both joints

Question 68

active insufficiency

Answer 68

shortened across both joints