Gametogenesis and Sex Determination

Question 1

What is gametogenesis?

Answer 1

Formation of gametes via meiosis

Question 2

Where do PGCs originate?

Answer 2

Epiblast

Question 3

Where do PGCs migrate to?

Answer 3

Genital ridge

Question 4

What maintains germ cell identity?

Answer 4

BLIMP1 and Fragilis

Question 5

What supports PGC migration?

Answer 5

KIT, NANOS3, DEAD END1

Question 6

What gene determines genetic sex in mammals?

Answer 6

SRY on the Y chromosome

Question 7

What does SRY activate?

Answer 7

SOX9

Question 8

What cells secrete AMH?

Answer 8

Sertoli cells

Question 9

What does AMH do?

Answer 9

Regresses Müllerian ducts

Question 10

What do Leydig cells produce?

Answer 10

Testosterone

Question 11

What does testosterone maintain?

Answer 11

Wolffian ducts (male internal genitalia)

Question 12

What is DHT?

Answer 12

A testosterone derivative that forms external genitalia

Question 13

What causes female development?

Answer 13

Absence of SRY, AMH, and testosterone

Question 14

What is RSPO1?

Answer 14

A factor promoting ovarian development

Question 15

What is FOXL2?

Answer 15

Ovarian specific transcription factor

Question 16

What structures form from the Müllerian ducts?

Answer 16

Uterus, oviducts, upper vagina

Question 17

What structures form from the Wolffian ducts?

Answer 17

Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle

Question 18

What is the genital ridge?

Answer 18

Intermediate mesoderm structure that forms gonads

Question 19

What is a bipotential gonad?

Answer 19

An undifferentiated gonad capable of becoming a testis or ovary

Question 20

When is gonadal sex determined?

Answer 20

Around week 6-7 in humans