Organogenesis Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is organogenesis?
The formation of organs from germ layers after gastrulation
Which germ layer forms the CNS and epidermis?
Ectoderm
Which germ layer forms the heart and muscles?
Mesoderm
Which germ layer forms the gut and lungs?
Endoderm
What is the first organ to function?
The heart
What forms from paraxial mesoderm?
Somites (muscle, dermis, vertebrae)
What forms the lateral plate mesoderm?
Heart, blood vessels, body wall, limbs
What induces neural ectoderm?
Signals from the notochord (e.g. BMP inhibition)
What is reciprocal induction?
Tissues inducing each others differentiation (e.g. eye)
What forms the limbs?
Lateral plate mesoderm (skeletal) and somite (muscle)
Where do kidneys originate from?
Intermediate mesoderm
What signals specify the heart field?
BMPs, FGF, and Nkx2.5
What forms the gut tube?
Endoderm folding and closure
Which organ forms from branching and morphogenesis?
Lungs
What genes pattern organ identity?
Hox genes
What does the notochord become?
Nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs
What structure guides CNS and somite patterning?
The notochord
What is the function of the allantois in mammals?
Forms umbilical blood vessels and stores waste
What is a morphogen?
A diffusible molecule that patterns tissues in a gradient
What are organoids?
Mini-organ structures formed from stem cells in vitro
