Mixed Topic Review Flashcards
(30 cards)
What transcription factor is required for trophectoderm identity?
Cdx2
What hormone triggers corpus luteum maintenance post-implantation?
hCG
Which signal induces neural ectoderm by blocking BMP?
Noggin
Which structure initiates left-right asymmetry?
The node (via cilia-driven fluid flow)
What is the origin of limb skeletal elements?
Lateral plate mesoderm
Which gene specifies posterior limb identity?
Pitx1
Which movement elongates the primitive streak?
Convergent extension
What cell type secretes testosterone?
Leydig cells
What does FGF10 initiate in limbs?
Outgrowth of limb buds
What is the inner cell mass (ICM) fate?
Forms the embryo proper
Which signalling gradient specifies A-P patterning in early embryos?
FGF/Wnt (posterior) vs retinoic acid (anterior)
What is the role of Mesp2 in somitogenesis?
Initiates somite boundary formation
Which transcription factor determines testis development?
Sox9 (activated by SRY)
What are the embryonic layers of the placenta?
Chorion (foetal) and decidua basalis (maternal)
Which factor induces endoderm fate?
High Nodal + Sox17
What is the outcome of BMP inhibition in ectoderm?
Neural tissue induction
What are chorionic villi?
Foetal projections for exchange in placenta
What is the function of the amnion?
Protection and hydration of embryo via fluid
Which morphogen controls digit identity?
SHH from ZPA
What happens in spina bifida?
Failure of posterior neural tube closure
Which axis is patterned by Nodal and Pitx2?
Left-Right axis
What causes synopolydactyly?
HoxD13 misexpression
Where do neural crest cells migrate from?
Neural plate border
What maintains embryonic stem cell pluripotency?
Oct4, Nanog, Sox2
