Garibaldi's Takeover of the south in 1860

Question 1

what was different about him

Answer 1

he got the support of the masses

Question 2

when did he join young italy

Answer 2

1833 after he met mazzini

Question 3

what was symbollic of the red shirts

Answer 3

cheap fabric, didnt show blood

Question 4

what did garibaldi do will in exile

Answer 4

he took up farming but he kept in touch with developments through the National society

Question 5

what did cavour do after Plombieres

Answer 5

invited garibaldi to talk about plans for war

Question 6

what did garibaldi offer

Answer 6

to train and recruit volunteers for the austrian war

Question 7

what was his role in the 1859 wars

Answer 7

small battles, alpine hunters- won battle at Como this showed he was capable of beating the highly trained austrian troops

Question 8

how was he ‘betrayed” by italy/ cavour

Answer 8

his birth place Nice was given to france

Question 9

what did mazzini urge garibaldi to do after they learned of an uprising in sicily

Answer 9

take his men to the island to help the young italy volunteers there

Question 10

how many men did garibaldi gather to set sail to sicily

Answer 10

1200

Question 11

what was cavours attitude towards the expedition (3 reasons)

Answer 11

1. if he opposed garibaldi would make his government unpopular at home 2.he thought it would fail due to the number of men and the poor weapons 3.unsure as to whether he wanted it to succeed– take on the poor south

Question 12

why did cavour refuse to give garibaldi arms and equipment

Answer 12

didnt want the poor south under his control

Question 13

Why was garibaldi lucky when he arrived in sicily

Answer 13

happened to arrive with some bourbon naval ships so he wasnt attacked

Question 14

how many supporters did he have with him once he reached Palermo

Answer 14

3000

Question 15

what did he find waiting in palermo

Answer 15

20,000 enemy troops

Question 16

who won in palermo

Answer 16

Garibaldi, enemy retreated to naples

Question 17

who was Garibaldi helped by

Answer 17

Bandits, peasants and the local mafia

Question 18

what did Garibaldi appoint himself as in Sicily

Answer 18

the dictator, he supported the peasants

Question 19

what did he do as leader in sicily

Answer 19

abolished the milling tax and promised land redistribution, however he soon changed sites and supressed revolts, losing support of peasants but gaining support of landlords

Question 20

why did garibaldi betray the mazzinian princliples

Answer 20

because he wanted maximum stability to launch an attack on the mainland

Question 21

why did Cavour get worried by garibaldi’s popularity

Answer 21

because hethough he would take naples and then move northwards so he attempted to arrange revolutions

Question 22

what did Cavour do to attempt to stop Garibaldi

Answer 22

sent ships to arrest him but garibaldi was too quick – tried to organise actions against garibaldi with the bourbons but they were not interested

Question 23

what did Garibaldi want to do that was worrying to cavour

Answer 23

take rome, cavour thought it would lead to difficulties wih france– not allowed to threaten the pope

Question 24

how large was Garibaldini by this point (wanting to take rome)

Answer 24

60,000 they were mazzinian and republican– threaten Victor Emanuel II power and the catholic church

Question 25

how did VE II and Cavour react to the threat of garibaldi taking rome

Answer 25

sent troops through the papal states, defeating a papal army on the way even if this upset the french

Question 26

By october 1860 the piedmontese army reached naples what happened when they met Garibaldi and where did they meet

Answer 26

he handed the south over to 'the first king of italy' Teano

Question 27

what happened when ballots were presented to the papal marches, umbria, sicily and naples

Answer 27

there was an overwhelming wish of piedmont annexation

Question 28

what did Garibaldi decide to do with naples

Answer 28

plebiscite (false) decided naples was to be annexed to piedmont( not a union like some wanted )

Question 29

why did garibaldi initially begin to organise 'the thousand'

Answer 29

as a reaction to the surrender of his birthplace Nice-- force to protect its annexation

Question 30

what was the relationship between cavour and garibaldi like?

Answer 30

didnt get on, Garibaldi didnt like cavour's self importance, and cavour didnt like garibaldi's populist attitude

Question 31

what was cavour's predicament in terms of garibaldi going to the south

Answer 31

if he was seen to help garibaldi he would run the risk of alienating france and moderates in piedmont, yet if he refused to help he would look like he was preventing the italian interest

Question 32

what was Garibaldi and victor emmanuel II relationship like

Answer 32

garibaldi represented direct action, he was prepared to act in the name of the king for the benefit of italy-- victor emmanuel still feared the popularity of him

Question 33

what helped garibaldi defeat bourbon troops in palermo?

Answer 33

weakness of the bourbon government, Ferdinand II had recently died, unpopular after a financial crisis

Question 34

what did garibaldi do when he launched invasion in the south 1860

Answer 34

did it in the name of victor emmanuel and italy

Question 35

how did garibaldi take Naples

Answer 35

the king fled and he was met with enthusiastic crowds, capital had fallen without a shot being fired.

Question 36

what did garibaldi that led to him losing all power to victor emmanuel in the south

Answer 36

allowed plebicites asking if the people wanted annexation with piedmont-- most just voted yes to end feudal rule , public vote (peer pressure, dont want to look like monarchists)

Question 37

what did Lord Russell controversially do in 1860 that effectively destroyed the treaty of villa franca

Answer 37

said that Britain completely supported a unified Italy

Question 38

what was the constitution based on in 1861

Answer 38

applied to all of italy, based on statuto (taxes, weights and idea of free trade imposed on all of italy)