Garland's 'Culture of Control'

Question 1

What does Garland’s “Culture of Control” describe?

Answer 1

A shift in crime control due to social, political, and economic changes.
a move away from the earlier penal-welfare model and towards a new “culture of control.”

Question 2

What are the two main strategies the government responded with?

Answer 2

Adaptation (managing risk) and Punitive Control (expressive, emotional punishment).

Question 3

What were the foundations of penal welfarism?

Answer 3

welfare capitalism -trying to attack problems of inequality
social conditions - stable/ falling crime rates, full employment, stable family structures
theoretical way of thinking about crime- positivism about causation of crime (e.g. pathology, strain theory etc)

Question 4

What led to the end of penal welfarism?

Answer 4

Neo-liberalism, rising crime, family/community breakdown, media influence/ politicisation of crime, less positivist theories of crime

Question 5

What is Adaptation?

Answer 5

Accepting crime as normal;
using technical, cost-effective risk management (New Penology).
using situational crime prevention and responsibilisation (citizens taking more responsibility to protect themselves e.g. locking doors)

Question 6

What is Punitive Control?

Answer 6

Deny crime is normal; call for tough action
Politicised punishment, emotional rhetoric, and harsh sentencing
- mass incarceration, capital punishment, indeterminate sentences