Green Criminology Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the primary argument of Green Criminology?
Criminology should incorporate crimes against the environment, such as pollution, which may not be the dominant image of crime.
What evidence supports the existence of a climate crisis?
rising sea levels, shrinking ice sheets, and increasing greenhouse gas concentrations.
What does the term ‘climate refugees’ refer to?
People who are forced to migrate due to the impacts of climate change.
What are some effects of the climate crisis?
Extreme weather events, natural disasters, diminishing natural resources, ‘climate refugees’
How has the criminal justice system responded to environmentally-related crimes?
an effort to criminalize new environmental offenses and expand responses to existing organized crime.
What inconsistency in crime labelling does Green Criminology highlight?
It shows how some harmful acts (e.g. drug use) are criminalised, while others (e.g. industrial pollution) often are not.
Who are the main offenders Green Criminology focuses on?
The powerful
states and corporations rather than just street-level offenders.
What is meant by “praxis” in Green Criminology?
The integration of theory with activism – raising awareness and pushing for environmental change.
What are the 3 strands of crime within green criminology?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
What are Primary Green Crimes?
Acts that directly cause harm to the environment, including air pollution, deforestation, and water pollution.
Many primary green crimes are legal.
What are Secondary Green Crimes?
Crimes arising from the violation of environmental laws or exploitation of conditions following environmental damage. e.g dumping toxic waste, fly-tipping, illegal poaching or fishing
most are illegal
What are Tertiary Green Crimes?
Crimes committed by environmental victims
e.g. crimes by climate change migrants or those affected by pollutants in food or water.
What is the Anthropocentric perspective in green crime?
It focuses on human victims and impacts of environmental harm
affecting all humans but disproportionately impacting the poorest.
What does the Biocentric perspective in green crime focus on?
It emphasizes the rights and inherent value of non-human animals and the impacts on fauna and flora.
What is the Eco-centric perspective in green crime?
views humans and all life as part of a complex ecosystem, where every element is dependent on each other .
What are the three green conceptions of justice in Green Criminology?
Environmental Justice, Species Justice, and Ecological Justice.
What is Environmental Justice?
A human-centred (anthropocentric) approach that focuses on human rights, fairness across social groups, and justice for future generations.
What does Species Justice focus on?
The rights and inherent value of non-human animals – includes issues like animal welfare and rights (e.g., ethical concerns around meat production).
What is Ecological Justice?
An ecocentric perspective recognising that humans are just one part of a broader ecosystem – justice must consider entire ecosystems and planetary health.
What are the three main approaches to responding to green crimes and harms?
Traditional Criminal Justice, Administrative Law and Regulation, and Market Instruments.
What is the focus of Traditional Criminal Justice in addressing environmental crimes?
It involves the use of police, courts, and corrections.
How does Administrative Law and Regulation differ from Traditional Criminal Justice?
Compliance-based approaches -not focused on punishing offenders but trying to get them to comply
What is the purpose of market instruments in environmental regulation?
To create economic costs and incentives that encourage better market behaviour regarding environmental harm.
What are the key components of traditional approaches to criminalisation of environmental crime?
Increasing resources for enforcement, extending the reach of criminal law, and imposing tougher penalties.
