Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Applied Phys > gas exchange and acid base regulation > Flashcards

gas exchange and acid base regulation Flashcards

(92 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

this law states that the rate of gas transfer (V gas) is proportional to the tissue area, the diffusion coefficient of the gas and the difference in the partial pressure of the gas on the two sides of the tissue and is inversely proportional to the thickness

A

ricks law of diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

partial pressure can be determined by

A

the specific % of fractional content of the gas in the gas mixture x the absolute barometric pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the total pressure is equal to the sum of the arptial pressures of the gases is known as

A

Dalton’s law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

air is composed of

A

oxygen, carbon diode and nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

calculation of partial pressure

A

Pair = PO2 + PCO2 + PN2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T or F: when we say there is less oxygen at higher altitudes, what we really mean is that the air is less dense

A

true - the percentage of each gas is the same but the concentration of the gases is less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens if another gas was added to the atmosphere?

A

the absolute barometric pressure would not change - the partial pressure of each gas would decrease but the absolute barometric pressure would not change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The rate of gas transfer (V gas) is proportional to the tissue area, the diffusion coefficient of the gas, and the difference in the partial pressure of the gas on the two sides of the tissue, and inversely proportional to the thickness.

A

ricks law of diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

v gas =

A

rate of diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

v gas =

A

A/T x D x (change of P)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a ]

A

tissue area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T =

A

tissue thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

D=

A

diffusion coefficient of gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

P1 - P2 =

A

difference in partial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the rate of diffusion of O2 and CO2 is proportional to the

A

pressure gradient, surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

diffusion constant relationship is inversely proportional to the

A

thickness of the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the diffusion constant is influenced by the

A

solubility of the gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the greater the solubility of a gas, what happens to the pressure gradient?

A

the lower the pressure gradient needed for the gas to diffuse across a membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T or F: the membrane solubility of CO2 is 20x greater than O2

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T or F: the pressure gradient needed for CO2 is much less than the pressure gradient needed for O2 to diffuse across the respiratory membrane

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

blood flow to the lungs is described in terms of

A

zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

zone 1

A

capillary pressure < alveolar pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

zone 2

A

capillary pressure is intermittently > alveolar pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

zone 3

A

capillary pressures is > alveolar pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
pressure in the capillaries is affected by
hydrostatic pressure
26
pulmonary circuit
-same rate of flow as systemic circuit -lower pressure
27
ventilation/perfusion ration (V/Q)
-indicates matching of blood flow to ventilation - ideal = 1.0 or above if blood flow is high
28
apex of lung (standing at rest)
- under perfused (V/Q ratio >1.0)
29
base of lung (standing rest)
- overperfused (V/Q ration < 1) -gravitational force - zone 3
30
during upright exercise, blood flow will?
increase to top of lung (apex)
31
light to moderate exercise will _____ V/Q ration
improve
32
exercise converts all areas of the lungs to zone
zone 3 perfusion
33
heavy exercise may result in V/q
inequality
34
each gram of hemoblgobbin binds to
four 4 molelecues of oxygen
35
what happens to O2 transport in the blood
- bounds to hemoglobin >98% of total - dissolved in the blood. < 2% of total
36
binds how many O2 molecule per heme group
1
37
___ hemp groups per Hb
4
38
Ox + Hb <-->
HbO2
39
normal Hb concentrations for men and women
14-18 g/100ml blood 12-16 g/100ml blood
40
oxyhemoblobin
Hb bound to O2
41
Deoxyhemoglobin
Hb not bound to O2
42
each gram of Hb has the capacity to bind how many O2 molecules
4 O2 molecules
43
when full saturated )o is
1.34 mL O2
44
content of O2 in the blood depends on
- amount of Hb in the blood - amount of O2 bounds to Hb
45
low grams of O2 could result
shortness of breath
46
CO2 transport in the blood by
- dissolved in plasma (10%) - bound to Hb (20%) - Bicarbonate (70%)
47
CO2 has a greater solulbity than Oz leading to
greater transport by this mechanism
48
hemoglobin + CO2 =
carbaminohemoglobin
49
Binding of carbaminohemoglobin depends on
PO2
50
Tor F: when PO2 is low, the affinity of CO2 for Hb is high
true
51
muscle bicarbonate ions -
CO2 + H2O --> Carbonic anhydrase -> carbonic acid -> Hydrogenn ion + Bicarbonate
52
gas transport key points
- O2 is transported in the blood primarily bound to Hb - Hb unloading of O2 in tissues is enhanced by: decrease PO2, decreased pH, increased temp
53
CO2 is primarily transported as
bicarbonate ion in the blood
54
key point - - Hb is 98% saturated with oxygen, and O2 carrying capacity typically does not limit performance: true or false
true
55
direction of reactions for oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve depends on
- PO2 of the blood - affinity between Hb and O2
56
At the the lung, High PO2 results
formation of oxyhemoglobin
57
at the tissues, low PO2 results in
release of O2 to tissues
58
what does steep decline in Hb-O2 from PO2 of 40 to 0 mmHg indicate
this all unloading of O2 to working tissues
59
indication of the flat portion of the curve from a Po2 of 90 - 100 mmHg
serves as a buffer
60
A decrease in blood pH (increased acidity) results a
decreased bond between O2 and Hb
61
three factors effect on O2-Hb dissociation curve?
pH level, temp, 2-3 DPG
62
AS pH decreases
affinity of O2 for Hb decrease (bohr effect)
63
Affinity of )2 for Hb decreases causes
- increases unloading of O2 - rightward shift in the oxyhemoglobin curve
64
as temperature increases
affinity of O2 for Hb decreases
65
as 2,3 DPG increases
affinity of O2 for Hb decreases
66
decrease of pH causes a right shift of the
oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve
67
increase temp cause a right shift to the
oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve
68
myoglobin (Mb) serves as
an O2 binding protein in skeletal muscle
69
Myoglobin shuttles
O2 from the cell membrane to the mitochondria
70
Mb has a higher affinity of O2 than hemoglobin
- binds O2 at very Low PO2 - allows Mb to store O2 - O2 reseve for muscle - Buffers muscle O2 needs at onset of exercise until cardiopulmonary system increases O2 delivery to muscle
71
lactic acid is a strong
acid
72
bicarbonate is a strong
base
73
lower than 7.4 pH is
acidosis
74
higher than 7.4 pH is
alkalosis
75
how do you lose acid
vomitting
76
increase of concentration of H+ would decreas pH =
acidosis
77
decrease concentration of H+ would increase pH =
alkalosis
78
loss of acids and accumulation of bases =
decrease concentration of hydrogen ions
79
production of carbon dioxide
- end product of oxidative phosphorylation - CO2 + H2) <-> H+ + HCO3
80
production of lactic acid
glucose metabolism via glycolysis
81
Sources of H+ - ATP breakdown during muscle contraction
- results in release of H+ - ATP + H2) <-> ADP + HPO4 + H+
82
high intensity exercise results in production of lactic and
increased hydrogen ions in muscle fibers and blood
83
increased hydrogen ions can impair performance by
- inhibits glycolytic and TCA enzyme activity (ATP production) - H+ can impairs muscle contraction by competing with Ca+2 for binding sites on troponin
84
release H+ ions when
pH is high
85
Accept H+ ions when
pH is low
86
intracellular buffers
- carnosine (histidine-dipeptides0 -proteins -phosphate groups - bicarbonate
87
extracellular buffers
- bicarbonate - hemoglobin - blood proteins
88
major extracellular buffers
bicarbonate
89
which have a higher buffering capacity? type 1 or type 2
type 2 have a higher buffering capacity - they are producing more
90
how does high intensity exercise improves muscle buffering capacity ?
increases of carnosine and hydrogen ion transporters in the trained muscle fibers
91
carbonic acid dissociation equation
CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3−.
92
when Ph decreases H+ increase. therefore, the reaction moves? - what is removed? - what is eliminated? - what happens to pH?
- reaction moves to the left - CO2 is removed by the lungs - Eliminating H - increasing pH

Applied Phys (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions