gas exchange and breathing

Question 1

Put this in order from smallest to largest organ systems, tissues, organs, cells, organisms, organelles.

Answer 1

organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms.

Question 2

what shape is the rings of cartilage around The trachea and why ?

Answer 2

they are in a C-shape (more flexible)

Question 3

What is breathing?

Answer 3

The movement of air in and out of the lungs

Question 4

fill in the gaps on the process of breathing in,
The diaphragm ____and moves ____ becoming____
The intercostal muscles ____
 The rib cage moves ____and ____
 volume in the lungs _____
pressure in the lungs____
Air is sucked in moving from a ____to a ___ pressure

Answer 4

contracts, down, flat
contract
up, out
increases
decreases
high, low


Question 5

fill in the gaps for breathing out.
diaphragm ____moving ___to it _____shape
intercostal muscles ____
rib cage moves ____and__
The volume in the lungs ____
pressure in the lungs____
Air pushes___ moving from a ___to a ___pressure

Answer 5

relaxes, up, dome
relax
down, in
decrease 
increase
out, high, low


Question 6

What is bad about nicotine in cigarettes

Answer 6

It is extremely addictive

Question 7

What is bad about carbon monoxide in cigarettes

Answer 7

it takes the place of oxygen and haemoglobin reducing the oxygen capacity

Question 8

What is bad about hydrogen cyanide in cigarettes

Answer 8

It is a colourless toxic gas

Question 9

What is bad about tar in cigarettes

Answer 9

It causes cancer

Question 10

name four effects of smoking

Answer 10

1. cancer
2. bronchitis (leads to inflamed airways, narrow airways and less oxygen)
3. emphysema (The best thing of alveoli decreasing the surface area in the lungs leading to less oxygen)
4. smokers cough (damage to cilia leads to the body producing more mucus, the body coughs to get the mucus out as the cilia cannot)

Question 11

name three ways alveoli is adapted for gas exchange

Answer 11

1.concentrating concentration gradient (lots of ventilation ventilation and he’s in and out of the lungs, high blood flow, blood is constantly brought to the alveolus and high CO2 and low O2)

2. cell walls of the alveoli and capillaries of oneself thick which means there’s a shorter distance so diffusion happens quicker
3. large surface area leads to a quicker rate of diffusion

Question 12

fill in the gaps to explain gas and exchange and leaves.

gas enters and leaves via _____the (usually in the lower epidemis)
_________ _______structure means gases can move ___and ___of each cell
The leaf itself is very ____ (leading to a ____ diffusion distance)

Answer 12

stomata
spongy mesophyll, in, out
thin, short