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Board review > Gastro > Flashcards

Gastro Flashcards

1
Q

Long standing UC has

A

Pseudopolyps

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2
Q

Megacolon

A

Hirschprung

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3
Q

Flask shaped ulcers in colon

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

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4
Q

Villous atrophy and crypt regeneration

A

Backwash ileitis

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5
Q

Hepatic tympany with tenderness on palpation

A

Megacolon

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6
Q

No ulceration on endoscopy

A

Moderate UC

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7
Q

Febrile, tachycardic, anemic, inc. ESR

A

Severe UC

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8
Q

Ulcerations on endoscopy

A

Severe UC

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9
Q

Most dangerous complication of UC

A

Perforation

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10
Q

Bamboo spine

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

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11
Q

Arthritis, uveitis, urethritis

A

Reiter syndrome

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12
Q

Earliest radiological change in UC seen in barium enema

A

Fine mucosal granularity

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13
Q

Highly sensitive for intestinal inflammation

A

Fecal lactoferrin

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14
Q

Predict relapse and detect pouchitis

A

Fecal calprotectin

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15
Q

Assess disease severity

A

Sigmoidoscopy

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16
Q

Assess extent of disease

A

Colonoscopy

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17
Q

Collar button ulcers

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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18
Q

Mainstay treatment for UC

A

Sulfasalazine

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19
Q

Rectal sparing

A

Chron’s disease

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20
Q

Earliest lesion in CD

A

Aphthous ulcer

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21
Q

Pathologic hallmark of CD

A

Focal transmural inflammatory process

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22
Q

Pathognomonic in CD

A

“Creeping fat” or “Fat wrapping”

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23
Q

Histologic hallmark in CD

A

Non caseating granulomas

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24
Q

Most common extraintestinal manifestation in CD

A

Perianal skin tag

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25
Q

First line test in CD

A

CT Enterography

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26
Q

Pathognomonic radiographic finding in CD

A

String sign

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27
Q

Treatment for CD

A

Sulfasalazine

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28
Q

Treatment for unresponsive CD

A

Surgery

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29
Q

Operation of choice for UC

A

Ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA)

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30
Q

Cobblestoning

A

Chron’s Disease

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31
Q

ANCA positive

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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32
Q

Fistula

A

Chron’s disease

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33
Q

Palpable abdominal mass

A

Chron’s disease

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34
Q

Skip lesion

A

Chron’s disease

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35
Q

Associated with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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36
Q

Granuloma on biopsy

A

Chron’s disease

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37
Q

Responds well to antibiotics (CD or UC)

A

Chron’s disease

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38
Q

Recur after surgery (CD or UC)

A

Chron’s disease

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39
Q

Risk of developing Colon Ca

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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40
Q

Associated with megacolon

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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41
Q

Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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42
Q

Endocrine Pancreas

A

Islet of Langerhans

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43
Q

Exocrine Pancreas

A

Pancreatic acinar

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44
Q

Reversible changes to Pancreas

A

Acute Pancreatitis

45
Q

Most common cause of acute pancreatitis

A

Gallstones

46
Q

Most common cause for chronic pancreatitis

A

Alcohol

47
Q

Microvascular leakage and enzymatic fat necrosis

A

Acute pancreatitis

48
Q

More sensitive indicator for acute pancreatitis

A

Lipase

49
Q

Red black hemorrhage with foci of chalky fat necrosis

A

Acute necrotizing pancreatitis

50
Q

Most severe form of pancreatitis

A

Hemorrhagic pancreatitis

51
Q

Extensive parenchymal necrosis with hemorrhage within the pancreas

A

Hemorrhagic pancreatitis

52
Q

Triggering event in Acute Pancreatitis

A

Inappropriate activation of Trypsinogen

53
Q

Cardinal manifestation of Acute Pancreatitis

A

Abdominal pain

54
Q

Irreversible loss of exocrine pancreas

A

Chronic Pancreatitis

55
Q

Pancreatic enzyme elevated in the first 24 hours of Acute Pancreatitis

A

Amylase

56
Q

Enzyme elevated within 72 to 96 hours in pancreatitis

A

Lipase

57
Q

Colon cut-off sign

A

Acute Pancreatitis

58
Q

Chain of lakes

A

Chronic pancreatitis

59
Q

Most common cause of pancreatitis in children

A

Cystic Fibrosis

60
Q

Diagnostic test for chronic pancreatitis

A

Secretin test

61
Q

Increased mortality rate in pancreatitis

A

Hypoalbuminemia and markedly elevated serum LDH

62
Q

BISAP scoring

A 
Acute Pancreatitis
BUN >25
Impaired mental status
SIRS
Age>60
Pleural effusion
63
Q

Bleeding distal to ligament of Treitz

A

LGIB

64
Q

Bleeding proximal to ligament of Treitz

A

UGIB

65
Q

Most common cause of UGIB

A

Peptic ulcers

66
Q

Coffee ground vomitus

A

Hematemesis - UGIB

67
Q

Bright red blood from rectum

A

Hematochezia - LGIB

68
Q

Black, tarry, foul smelling stools

A

Melena - UGIB

69
Q

Hematemesis in alcoholics

A

Mallory Weiss tear

70
Q

Most common cause of LGIB in children

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

71
Q

Most common cause of LGIB

A

Hemorrhoids

72
Q

Diagnostic test of choice in UGIB

A

Upper endoscopy

73
Q

Initial test for massive obscure bleeding

A

Angiography

74
Q

Endoscopic therapy of choice for esophageal varies

A

Ligation

75
Q

Most common primary malignancy of the liver

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

76
Q

Most common malignancy of the liver

A

Metastasis

77
Q

Aflatoxin b1

A

Hepatocellular CA

78
Q

Vinyl Chloride

A

Angiosarcoma of the liver

79
Q

Asbestos

A

Mesothelioma

80
Q

Mutation in ______ cause hepatocellular ca

A

Kras and p53

81
Q

Transcriptional activator in HBV gene

A

X protein

82
Q

Most common presenting symptom in Hepatocellular Ca

A

Abdominal pain

83
Q

Most common sign in hepatocellular ca

A

Hepatomegaly

84
Q

HCC invasion of Hepatic Veins

A

Budd Chiari syndrome

85
Q

Post sinusoidal obstruction

A

Budd Chiari syndrome

86
Q

Pre sinusoidal obstruction

A

Schistosomiasis

87
Q

Serum tumor marker of HCC

A

Alpha fetoprotein

88
Q

Protein induced by Vit K absence in HCC

A

Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP)

89
Q

Hepatocellular Ca staging

A

Child-Turcotte Pugh Score

  • Bilirubin
  • Albumin
  • INR
  • Encephalopathy
  • Ascites
90
Q

Decompensated hepatoma (Child Pugh Class)

A

Class C

91
Q

Associated with Clonorchis Sinensis

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

92
Q

Most common liver tumor in childhood

A

Hepatoblastoma

93
Q

Treatment for hepatoblastoma

A

Chemo and complete resection

94
Q

Liver cells are progressively destroyed and replaced by fatty fibrous tissue

A

Liver cirrhosis

95
Q

Hallmark of liver cirrhosis

A

Activation of Stellate cells

96
Q

Stigmata of liver cirrhosis

A

Palmar erythema, spider angioma, gynecomastia

97
Q

Metabolite that kills liver cells

A

Acetaldehyde

98
Q

Portal inflammation and necrosis of cholangiocytes

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

99
Q

Diagnostic test for Primary Biliary cirrhosis

A

AMA

100
Q

Mainstay treatment for Liver Cirrhosis

A

Abstinence

101
Q

Reduce alcohol craving

A

Acamprosate calcium

102
Q

Treatment for Cirrhosis due to Hep B

A

Lamivudine

103
Q

Treatment for cirrhosis due to Hep C

A

Ribavirin and pegylated interferon

104
Q

Treatment of choice for decompensated cirrhosis due to Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

A

Liver transplantation

105
Q

Treatment that shows improve biochemical and histologic feature of cirrhosis

A

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)

106
Q

Diffuse inflammation and fibrosis of the entire biliary tree

A

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

107
Q

Imaging technique of choice for initial evaluation of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

A

MRI with MRCP

108
Q

IBD involving colon and rectum

A

Ulcerative Colitis

Board review (9 decks)

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