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Pedia Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of pituitary gland

A

Rathke’s pouch

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2
Q

Most common pituitary tumor in children

A

Craniopharyngioma

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3
Q

Most common pituitary tumor in adults

A

Prolactinoma

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4
Q

Absent or low GH

A

Hypopituitarism

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5
Q

Polyuria

A

> 5cc/k/hr

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6
Q

Polyuria and polydypsia

A

Diabetes Insipidus

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7
Q

ADH deficiency

A

Central Diabetes Insipidus

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8
Q

ADH insensitive kidneys

A

Peripheral Diabetes Insipidus

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9
Q

Most common cause of Diabetes Insipidus

A

Brain tumor

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10
Q 
Pale urine (SG 1.001-1.005)
Hypernatremia
A

Diabetes Insipidus

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11
Q

Breast bud before 8 years old

A

Precocious puberty

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12
Q

Testicular enlargement before 9

A

Precocious puberty

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13
Q

Most common cause of Precocious puberty

A

Hypothalamic hamartomas

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14
Q

Unilateral cafe au lait spots
Precocious puberty
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

A

McCune Albright Syndrome

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15
Q

Treatment for McCune Albright Syndrome

A

Leuprolide acetate

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16
Q

21-hydroxylase deficiency

A

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

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17
Q

Most common cause of ambiguous genitalia

A

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

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18
Q

Treatment for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

A

Cortisol

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19
Q

Male phenotype of Turner’s Syndrome

A

Noonan Syndrome

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20
Q

Pulmonary stenosis
Pigeon breast
Webbed neck

A

Noonan Syndrome

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21
Q

Most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism

A

Thyroid dysgenesis

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22
Q

Most common site of ectopic thyroid

A

Base of tongue

Sublingual

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23
Q

Prolonged jaundice
Growth deceleration
Large tongue

A

Congenital Hypothyroidism

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24
Q

Drug of choice for Congenital Hypothyroidism

A

Levothyroxine

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25
Q

Most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism

A

Thyroiditis

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26
Q

Most common cause of thyroid disease in children

A

Thyroiditis

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27
Q

Autoimmune

Hypothyroidism

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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28
Q

Autoimmune

Hyperthyroidism

A

Grave’s disease

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29
Q

Kettering or Bart’s test

A

AFP
Estriol
Beta HCG

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30
Q

Catecholamine secreting tumor

A

Pheochromocytoma

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31
Q

Diagnostic for Pheochromocytoma

A

Urine VMA

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32
Q

Treatment for HTN crisis in Pheochromocytoma

A

Phenoxybenzmine

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33
Q

Newborn Screening

A

48-72 hours after birth

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34
Q

5 alpha reductase deficiency

A

Male pseudohermaphroditism

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35
Q

Galactose 1 phosphate uridyltransferase

A

Galactosemia

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36
Q

Episodic hemolytic anemia

A

G6PD

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37
Q

Heinz bodies

A

G6PD

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38
Q

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

A

Phenylketonuria

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39
Q

Tetrahydobiopterin

A

Phenylketonuria

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40
Q

Mousy odor

A

Phenylketonuria

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41
Q

Diagnosis of Phenylketonuria prenatally

A

DNA probe

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42
Q

Test for urinary phenylpyruvate

A

FeCl3

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43
Q

FAH

A

Tyrosinemia I

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44
Q

Tyrosine aminotransferase

A

Tyrosinemia II

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45
Q

4-HPPD

A

Tyrosinemia III

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46
Q

Homogentisate oxidase

A

Alkaptonuria

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47
Q

Tyrosine hydroxylase

A

Albinism

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48
Q

Acute hepatic crisis
Acute peripheral neuropathy
Renal involvement

A

Tyrosinemia

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49
Q

Succinylacetoacetate and succinylacetone in urine

A

Tyrosinemia

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50
Q

Most common inborn error of methionine metabolism

A

Homocystinuria

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51
Q

Cystathione synthase

A

Homocystinuria

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52
Q

Treatment for Homocystinuria

A

Vitamin B6

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53
Q

Branched chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase

A

Maple Syrup Urine disease

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54
Q

Branched chain amino acids

A

Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine

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55
Q 
Poor feeding
Lethargy and coma
Hypertonic 
Opisthotonus 
Maples syrup odor
A

Maple Syrup Urine disease

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56
Q

Sweaty feet

Acrid

A

Glutaric acidemia

Isovaleric aciduria

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57
Q

Boiled cabbage

A

Tyrosinemia

Hypermethioninemia

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58
Q

Rotting fish

A

Trimethylaminuria

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59
Q

Zellweger syndrome
Infantile Refsum disease
Adrenoleukodystrophy

A

Very Long Chain Fatty Acid disorder

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60
Q

7-dehydrocholesterol reductase

A

Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

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61
Q

Syndactyly

A

Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

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62
Q

Hexosaminidase a

A

Tay Sach’s Disease

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63
Q

Cherry red spot

A

Tay Sach’s Disease

Niemann-Pick’s Disease

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64
Q

Hexosaminidase a and b

A

Sandhoff disease

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65
Q

Coarse granulations in bone marrow histiocytes

A

Sandhoff disease

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66
Q

Sphingomyelinase

A

Niemann-Pick’s disease

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67
Q

Foam cells

A

Fabry

Niemann-Pick’s disease

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68
Q

Ceramidase

A

Farber/Lipogranulomatosis

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69
Q

Periarticular subcutaneous swelling

Progressive arthropathy

A

Farber/Lipogranulomatosis

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70
Q

Pipercolate oxidase

A

Cerebrohepatorenal/Zellweger disease

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71
Q

Copper dependent enzymes

A

Menkes/Kinky/Steely Hair disease

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72
Q

Pili torti

Hypotonia

A

Menkes/Kinky/Steely Hair disease

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73
Q

Arylsulfatase A

A

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

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74
Q

Fronto-occipital demyelination

A

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

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75
Q

(+) urine sulfatide

A

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

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76
Q

Galactocerebrosidase

A

Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy

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77
Q

Tryptophan deficiency

A

Hartnup disease

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78
Q

Scaly rash like Pellagra

Episodic cerebellar ataxia

A

Hartnup disease

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79
Q

Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia
Death

A

Pellagra

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80
Q

Phytanol coA dehydroxylase

A

Refsum disease

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81
Q

Peroxin 7

A

Refsum disease

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82
Q

alpha-L-iduronidase

A

Hurler Syndrome

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83
Q

Corneal clouding

Coarse facies

A

Hurler Syndrome

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84
Q

Iduronate sulfatase

A

Hunter Syndrome

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85
Q

Glucose 6 phosphatase

A

G6PD/Von Gierke’s disease

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86
Q

Hepatomegaly
Hypoglycemia
Lactic acidosis

A

G6PD/Von Gierke’s disease

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87
Q

Protects RBC from oxidative stress

A

Glutathione reductase

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88
Q

Cherubin facies

A

G6PD/Von Gierke’s disease

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89
Q

Definitive diagnosis of G6PD/Von Gierke’s disease

A

Liver biopsy

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90
Q

Medications used for G6PD/Von Gierke’s disease

A

Allopurinol
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
Fibrates

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91
Q

Avoid in G6PD/Von Gierke’s disease

A

Sulfas
Anti malarial
Fava beans
Aspirin

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92
Q

Familial idiopathic calcification of basal ganglia

A

Fahr disease

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93
Q

Bilateral basal ganglia calcification

Parkinsonism

A

Fahr disease

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94
Q

Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRTase)

A

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

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95
Q

Self injury/mutilation
Hyperuricemia
Extrapyramidal symptoms

A

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

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96
Q

Definitive diagnosis for Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

A

HPRT enzyme analysis

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97
Q

Prevent renal failure in Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

A

Allopurinol

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98
Q

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

A

Allopurinol

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99
Q

Frozen eyeball

Retinitis pigmentosa

A

Kearns-Sayre syndrome

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100
Q

Bony spicule on fundoscopy

A

Retinitis pigmentosa of Kearns-Sayre syndrome

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101
Q

Most frequent mitochondrial disease of perinatal period and infancy

A

Leigh encephalopathy/Subacute Periventricular Necrotizing Encephalopathy

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102
Q

Small vessel vasculitis

A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

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103
Q

Medium vessel vasculitis

A

Panarteritis nodosa

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104
Q

Large vessel vasculitis

A

Takayasu

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105
Q

Most common vasculitis in children

A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

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106
Q

Anaphylactoid purpura

A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

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107
Q

Palpable purpura following URTI

A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

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108
Q

Leukoclastic angitis

A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

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109
Q

Second most common vasculitis in children

A

Kawasaki disease/Mucocutaneous lymphadenopathy

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110
Q

Conjunctivitis
Strawberry tongue
Unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy

A

Kawasaki disease/Mucocutaneous lymphadenopathy

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111
Q

Drug of choice for Kawasaki disease/Mucocutaneous lymphadenopathy

A

IVIG

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112
Q

Most common cause of death Kawasaki disease/Mucocutaneous lymphadenopathy

A

Coronary artery aneurysm

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113
Q

Hepatic failure associated with aspirin

A

Reye syndrome

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114
Q

Fibrinoid necrosis of medium vessels

Blindness

A

Panarteritis nodosa

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115
Q

Treatment for Panarteritis nodosa

A

Corticosteroids

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116
Q

Most common systemic disease associated with Panarteritis nodosa

A

Hepatitis B

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117
Q

Frataxin gene

Chromosome 9

A

Friedrich ataxia

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118
Q

Ataxia
Nystagmus
Kyphoscolosis
Pes cavus

A

Friedrich ataxia

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119
Q

PMP22 gene

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

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120
Q

Peroneal muscular atrophy
Foot drop
High arched foot
Stork legs

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

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121
Q

Most common peripheral neuropathy

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

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122
Q

Cerebellar and retinal hemangioblastoma

A

Von Hippel Lindau disease

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123
Q

Associated cancer in Von Hippel Lindau disease

A

Renal cell carcinoma

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124
Q

Pulseless disease with claudication

A

Takayasu

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125
Q

Treatment for Takayasu

A

Steroids

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126
Q

Progressive ataxia
Apraxia
Choreoathetosis
Telangiectasias

A

Ataxia-Telangiectasia

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127
Q

Deletion of short arm of chromosome 5

A

Cri du chat syndrome

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128
Q

XXY
Decreased muscle tone
Dysmetria

A

Kleinfelter syndrome

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129
Q 
45X
Sexual infantilism
Webbed neck
Short
Ovarian dysgenesis
A

Turner syndrome

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130
Q

Paternal deletion chromosome 15

A

Prader Willi syndrome

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131
Q

Obese
Hyperphagia
Mental retardation

A

Prader Willi syndrome

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132
Q

Maternal deletion chromosome 15

A

Angelman syndrome

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133
Q

Happy puppet

A

Angelman syndrome

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134
Q

Macroglossia
Intractable neonatal hypoglycemia
Facial nevus flammeus
Earlobe creases

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

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135
Q

Pathogens for early onset sepsis

A

Group B Streptococcus
E. Coli
Listeria monocytogenes

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136
Q

Conjunctivitis in neonates

A

Ophthalmia Neonatorum

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137
Q

Pathogens for late onset sepsis

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Gram negative enterics

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138
Q

TORCHS

A 
Toxoplasmosis 
Others
Rubella
CMV
Herpes Simplex
Syphilis
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139
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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140
Q

Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications

A

Toxoplasmosis

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141
Q

Treatment for Toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine

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142
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Syphilis

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143
Q

Anterior bowing of mid portion of the tibia

A

Saber shins

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144
Q

Leads to saber shins

A

Periostitis of long bones

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145
Q

Barrel shaped upper incisors during 6 yrs old

A

Hutchinson teeth

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146
Q

Abnormal lower molars with small biting surface and excessive cusps

A

Mulberry molars

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147
Q

Depression of nasal root due to destruction of the bone and cartilage

A

Saddle nose

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148
Q

Unilateral or bilateral synovitis of the lower extremities

A

Clutton joint

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149
Q

Treatment for Syphilis

A

Penicillin

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150
Q

Varicella zoster

A

Neonatal varicella

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151
Q

Associated with Horner syndrome

A

Neonatal Varicella

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152
Q

Zigzag scarring in dermatomal distribution

A

Cicatrix

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153
Q

Treatment for Varicella

A

Acyclovir

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154
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss
Cataract and glaucoma
PDA

A

Congenital Rubella

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155
Q

Blueberry muffin lesion

A

Congenital Rubella

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156
Q

Diagnostic of Congenital Rubella

A

Rubella specific IgM Antibody

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157
Q

Most common cause of congenital infection

A

Cytomegalovirus

158
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly
Jaundice
Petechia
Purpura

A

Cytomegalo inclusion disease

159
Q

Definitive diagnosis for Cytomegalovirus

A

Virus isolation or PCR

160
Q

Best culture specimen for CMV detection

A

Urine

Saliva

161
Q

Treatment for CMV infection

A

Gangciclovir

162
Q

Hallmark of HSV infection

A

Vesicular rash

163
Q

Microcephaly
Chorioretinitis
Microphthalmia
Vesicular rash

A

HSV

164
Q

Aplasia cutis

A

HSV

165
Q

Gold standard for diagnosis of HSV

A

PCR assay

166
Q

Treatment for HSV

A

Acyclovir

Vidarabine

167
Q

Closure of neural tube

A

3rd - 4th week AOG

168
Q

Midline defect of vertebral bodies

A

Spina bifida occulta

169
Q

Spina bifida occulta involves

A

L5-S1

170
Q

Hair patch

Dermal sinus

A

Spina bifida occulta

171
Q

Premature closure of skull suture

A

Craniosynostosis

172
Q

Meninges herniate

Transilluminate

A

Meningocoele

173
Q

Most severe form of dysraphism involving the vertebral column

A

Myelomeningocoele

174
Q

Most common location of Myelomeningocoele

A

Lumbosacral

175
Q

Cranium bifidum

A

Encephalocoele

176
Q

Most common location of Encephalocoele

A

Occipital

177
Q

Most common location of Encephalocoele in Asians

A

Frontal

Nasofrontal

178
Q

Failure of closure of anterior neuropore

A

Anencephaly

179
Q

Anencephaly associated with

A

Polyhydramnios

180
Q

Impaired absorption or increased production of CSF

A

Hydrocephalus

181
Q

Most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus

A

Aqueductal stenosis

182
Q

Most common cause of obstructive hydrocephalus

A

Aqueductal stenosis

183
Q

Most common cause of SAH complication

A

Communicating hydrocephalus

184
Q

Sun setting eyes

Macewen sign

A

Hydrocephalus

185
Q

Caudal displacement of cerebellar TONSILS

A

Type I Chiari

186
Q

Most common Chiari

A

Type II Chiari

187
Q

Fourth ventricle and medulla herniated

A

Type II Chiari

187
Q

Cervical spina bifida

Dandy-Walker malformation

A

Type III Chiari

188
Q

Hydrocephalus
Absence of cerebellar vermis
Posterior fossa cyst

A

Dandy-Walker malformation

189
Q

Most common seizure disorder in children

A

Febrile seizure

190
Q

Seizure lasting for more than 15 minutes and recurs after 24 hours

A

Atypical/Complex febrile seizure

191
Q

Treatment for Atypical/Complex febrile seizure

A

Diazepam

192
Q

Sudden cessation of motor or speech with blank stare

Head falls forward

A

Absence/Petit mal seizure

193
Q

Treatment of Absence seizure

A

Ethosuxemide

Valproic acid

194
Q

3/sec EEG spike

A

Absence/Petit mal seizure

195
Q

Pineal tumor

Paralysis of upward gaze

A

Parinaud syndrome

196
Q

Most common
>6 cafe au lait spots
Lisch nodules
Optic glioma

A

Neurofibromatosis 1

197
Q

Bilateral acoustic schwanomma

A

Neurofibromatosis 2

198
Q

Tubers

A

Tuberous sclerosis

199
Q 
Ash leaf lesions 
Shagreen patch at lumbosacral area
Sebaceous adenoma
Mulberry tumors in retina
Cardiac rhabdomyomas
A

Tuberous sclerosis

200
Q

Spider cells

A

Cardiac rhabdomyomas

201
Q

Facial nevus
Seizures
Intracranial calcifications with serpentine or railroad tract appearance

A

Sturge Weber

202
Q

Most common chronic motor disability

A

Cerebral palsy

203
Q

Most common hereditary neuromuscular disorder

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

204
Q

Gower sign
Pseudohypertrophy of calves
Cardiomyopathy

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

205
Q

Dystrophin gene

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

206
Q

Most common acquired chorea of childhood

A

Syndeham chorea

207
Q

Sole neurological manifestation of Rheumatic fever

A

Syndeham chorea

208
Q

Darting tongue
Symmetric
Disappear in sleep

A

Syndeham chorea

209
Q

Motor or vocal tics

OCD

A

Gilles de la Tourette

210
Q

Treatment for Gilles de la Tourette

A

Haloperidol

211
Q

Choking, Coughing, Cyanosis with attempt at feeding

A

Trcheoesophageal fistula

212
Q

Most common type of Tracheoesophageal fistula

A

A: fistula connecting trachea to distal esophagus

213
Q

Associated with Tracheoesophageal fistula

A

Polyhydramnios

VACTERL

214
Q

VACTERL

A 
Vertebral
Anorectal
Cardiac
Trachea
Esophagus 
Radial/Renal
Limb
215
Q

Loss of normal peristalsis

Failure of LES to relax

A

Achalasia

216
Q

Decreased ganglion cells

A

Achalasia

217
Q

Beaking in barium swallow

A

Achalasia

218
Q

Confirmatory for Achalasia

A

Esophageal manometry

219
Q

Medical treatment for Achalasia

A

Nifedipine

220
Q

Definitive treatment for Achalasia

A

Heller myotomy

221
Q

Non bilous vomiting
Blood types O and B
Palpable olive

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

222
Q

Shoulder sign
String sign
Double tract sign

A

Hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis

223
Q

Surgery for Hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis

A

Ramstedt pyloromyotomy

224
Q

Severe epigastric pain
Intractable retching with emesis
Inability to pass a tube in the stomach

A

Gastric volvolus

225
Q

Failure to recanalize lumen of the intestine during 4th-5th week AOG

A

Duodenal atresia

226
Q

Bilous vomiting
Premature
Down syndrome

A

Duodenal atresia

227
Q

Double bubble sign on X-Ray

A

Duodenal atresia

228
Q

Ground glass appearance

Cystic fibrosis

A

Meconium ileus

229
Q

Soap bubble sign

A

Meconium ileus

230
Q

Most common congenital GIT anomaly

A

Meckel diverticulum

231
Q

Remnant of embryonic sac

A

Omphalomesenteric/Vitelline duct

232
Q

2 ectopic tissue in Meckel diverticulum

A

Gastric (MC)

Pancreatic

233
Q

Most common cause of lower GI bleeding in children

A

Meckel diverticulum

234
Q

Most common complication of Meckel diverticulum

A

Bleeding

235
Q

Second most common complication of

Meckel diverticulum

A

Perforation

236
Q

Ectopia lentis

A

Homocystinuria

Marfan’s Syndrome

237
Q

Ectopia lentis
Osteoporosis
Atherosclerosis

A

Homocystinuria

238
Q

Most common cause of lower intestinal obstruction

A

Hirschprung disease

239
Q

Absence of ganglion cells

A

Hirschprung disease

240
Q

Absence of Meissner and Auerbach plexus

A

Hirschprung disease

241
Q

Most common intestinal obstruction in 3 mos to 6 years

A

Intussuseption

242
Q

Sausage shaped mass

Currant jelly stools

A

Intussuseption

243
Q

Prolonged elevated level of conjugated bilirubin after 14th DOL

A

Neonatal cholestasis

244
Q

Jaundice
Hepatomegaly
Acholic stools

A

Neonatal cholestasis

245
Q

Infection due to inadequate umbilical cord care

A

Omphalitis

246
Q

Abdominal distention
Absent bowel sounds
Pneumatosis intestinalis
Premature

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis

247
Q

Jaundice first 24 hours of life

A

Pathologic jaundice

248
Q

Jaundice after 48 hours of life

A

Physiologic Jaundice

249
Q

Jaundice on 3-4 DOL

Breastfed

A

Breastfeeding jaundice

250
Q

Jaundice after 7th DOL

Breastfeeding

A

Breast milk jaundice

251
Q

Most common skin disorder of infancy

A

Diaper dermatitis

252
Q

Standard of skeletal maturation

A

Gruelich and Pyle

253
Q

Most common conversion symptom

A

Pseudoseizure

254
Q

Most common cause of daytime enuresis

A

Micturition deferral

255
Q

Most common compulsion of OCD

A

Hand washing
Continual clock checking
Touching

256
Q

Most common suicide in pre adolescent

A

Jumping from heights

257
Q

Most common learning disability

A

Dyslexia

258
Q

Most common cause of underweight in infancy

A

Nutritional neglect

259
Q

Most common manifestation of child abuse

A

Bruises

260
Q

Most common cause of death in physical abuse

A

Head trauma

261
Q

Most common presentation of failure to thrive in developed countries

A

Failure to thrive

262
Q

Most common presentation of failure to thrive in developing countries

A

Recurrent infections
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus

263
Q

Most common error in administering parenteral fluid in surgery

A

Excessive administration

264
Q

Ectopia lentis
Osteoporosis
Atherosclerosis

A

Homocystinuria

265
Q

Most common cause of lower intestinal obstruction

A

Hirschprung disease

266
Q

Absence of ganglion cells

A

Hirschprung disease

267
Q

Absence of Meissner and Auerbach plexus

A

Hirschprung disease

268
Q

Most common intestinal obstruction in 3 mos to 6 years

A

Intussuseption

269
Q

Sausage shaped mass

Currant jelly stools

A

Intussuseption

270
Q

Prolonged elevated level of conjugated bilirubin after 14th DOL

A

Neonatal cholestasis

271
Q

Jaundice
Hepatomegaly
Acholic stools

A

Neonatal cholestasis

272
Q

Infection due to inadequate umbilical cord care

A

Omphalitis

273
Q

Abdominal distention
Absent bowel sounds
Pneumatosis intestinalis
Premature

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis

274
Q

Jaundice first 24 hours of life

A

Pathologic jaundice

275
Q

Jaundice after 48 hours of life

A

Physiologic Jaundice

276
Q

Jaundice on 3-4 DOL

Breastfed

A

Breastfeeding jaundice

277
Q

Jaundice after 7th DOL

Breastfeeding

A

Breast milk jaundice

278
Q

Most common skin disorder of infancy

A

Diaper dermatitis

279
Q

Standard of skeletal maturation

A

Gruelich and Pyle

280
Q

Most common conversion symptom

A

Pseudoseizure

281
Q

Most common cause of daytime enuresis

A

Micturition deferral

282
Q

Most common compulsion of OCD

A

Hand washing
Continual clock checking
Touching

283
Q

Most common suicide in pre adolescent

A

Jumping from heights

284
Q

Most common learning disability

A

Dyslexia

285
Q

Most common cause of underweight in infancy

A

Nutritional neglect

286
Q

Most common manifestation of child abuse

A

Bruises

287
Q

Most common cause of death in physical abuse

A

Head trauma

288
Q

Most common presentation of failure to thrive in developed countries

A

Failure to thrive

289
Q

Most common presentation of failure to thrive in developing countries

A

Recurrent infections
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus

290
Q

Most common error in administering parenteral fluid in surgery

A

Excessive administration

291
Q

Inherited form of non hemolytic jaundice

A

Criggler-Najjar

292
Q

Defect in secreting conjugated bilirubin

A

Dubin-Johnson

293
Q

Most common hereditary cause of increased unconjugated bilirubin

A

Gilbert syndrome

294
Q

Non-itching jaundice

A

Rotor Syndrome

295
Q

Pharmacologic induction of glucoronyl transferase to enhance hepatic uptake

A

Phenobarbital

296
Q

Prolonged elevation of conjugated bilirubin

A

Cholestatic jaundice

297
Q

Bull neck appearance
Pseudomembrane
Toxic cardiomyopathy

A

Diphtheria

298
Q

Diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

299
Q

Treatment for diphtheria

A

Antitoxin (DPT)

Penicillin

300
Q 
Epiglottitis 
Meningitis 
Otitis
Orbital cellulitis
Sinusitis
A

Haemophilus influenzae

301
Q

Treatment for Haemophilus influenzae

A

Ampicillin

302
Q

Egg allergy

A

Haemophilus influenzae vaccine

303
Q

Most common cause of otitis and lobar pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

304
Q

Whooping cough

A

Bordetella pertussis

305
Q

Most infectious stage of pertussis

A

Catarrhal

306
Q

Diagnosis of pertussis

A

Culture

307
Q

Treatment for pertussis

A

Erythromycin

308
Q

Prevention of pertussis

A

Immunization

309
Q

Stridor
Sits upright leaning forward
Drooling

A

Epiglottitis

310
Q

Thumbprint sign

A

Epiglottitis

311
Q

Swelling of larynx, trachea, and bronchi

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis/Croup

312
Q

Most common cause of Laryngotracheobronchitis/Croup

A

Parainfluenzae

313
Q

Steeple sign

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis/Croup

314
Q

Bronchospasm
Mucus production
Airway edema
Reversible

A

Asthma

315
Q

Lung hyperinflation

A

Asthma

316
Q

Localized pleurisy between mid and lower lobes

Lymphadenopathy

A

Primary complex

317
Q

TB Class for asymptomatic, (+) PPD

A

Class II

318
Q

TB Class for asymptomatic, (+) Radiographic evidence

A

Class IV

319
Q

TB Class for symptomatic

A

Class III

320
Q

TB drug red orange fluid

A

Rifampin

321
Q

TB drug hepatotoxic

A

Pyrazinamide

322
Q

TB drug ototoxic, nephrotoxic

A

Streptomycin

323
Q

TB drug optic neuritis

A

Ethambutol

324
Q

TB drug vitamin B6 deficiency

A

Isoniazid

325
Q

TB drug hyperuricemia

A

Pyrazinamide

326
Q

Inflammation of bronchioles leading to partial or complete obliteration of the airways

A

Bronchiolitis

327
Q

Etiologic agent of Bronchiolitis

A

RSV

328
Q

Severe form of Bronchiolitis seen in adults

A

Bronchiolitis obliterans

329
Q

Brassy cough

A

Bacterial tracheitis

330
Q

Most common cause of Bacterial tracheitis

A

Staph aureus

331
Q

Pea soup diarrhea

Rose spots

A

Enteric fever

332
Q

Profuse rice water stools

A

Cholera

333
Q

Indication of capillary permeability

A

Hemoconcentration

334
Q

Source of Vit B12

A

Meat

335
Q

Diphylobotrium latum

A

Vit B12 deficiency

336
Q

Test for Vit B12 absorption

A

Schilling test

337
Q

Vit B12 deficiency affecting the spinal cord

A

Subacute Combined degeneration

338
Q

Most common hematologic disease of infancy and childhood

A

Iron deficiency anemia

339
Q

Most common cancer of childhood

A

Leukemia

340
Q

Spectrin

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis

341
Q

Diagnostic for Hereditary Spherocytosis

A

Osmotic fragility test

342
Q

Hemarthosis

A

Hemophilia A/Factor VIII

343
Q

Christmas disease

A

Hemophilia B/Factor IX deficiency

344
Q

Most common hereditary bleeding disorder

A

Von Willebrand disease

345
Q

Affected by Warfarin

A

Extrinsic pathway

346
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

A

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

347
Q

Vit K dependent factors

A

2,7,9,10

348
Q

Treatment of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

A

Vit K

349
Q

Most common hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

ABO incompatibility

350
Q

Most common antigen to cause Rh incompatibility

A

D antigen

351
Q

Congenital hypoplastic bone marrow

Pure red cell aplasia

A

Diamond Blackfan syndrome

352
Q

Increased erythrocyte adenosine deaminase

A

Diamond Blackfan syndrome

353
Q

Most common leukemia

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

354
Q

Spontaneous bleeding
Blast cells
Hypocellular marrow

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

355
Q

Predominant congenital leukemia

A

Acute myelogenous leukemia

356
Q

Myeloperoxidase

Auer rods

A

Acute myelogenous leukemia

357
Q

Reed sternberg cell

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

358
Q

Most common Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Nodular Sclerosing

359
Q

Worst prognosis Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Lymphocytic depletion

360
Q

Most reed sternberg cells

A

Mixed cellularity

361
Q

Sunburst pattern

Metaphysis

A

Osteosarcoma

362
Q

Onion skinning

Diaphysis

A

Ewing tumor

363
Q

Most common extra cranial tumor

A

Neuroblastoma

364
Q

Homer wright pseudorosettes

A

Neuroblastoma

365
Q

Renal cell carcinoma with worst prognosis

A

Bellini duct tumors

366
Q

Most common pediatric soft tissue tumor

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

367
Q

Most common childhood vaginal tumor

A

Botyroid Rhabdomyosarcoma

368
Q

Leukocoria

Flexner Wintersteiner bodies

A

Retinoblastoma

369
Q

Most common primary malignant liver neoplasm in children

A

Hepatoblastoma

370
Q

Elevated alpha feto protein

Chemo sensitive

A

Hepatoblastoma

371
Q

Most common nephropathy worldwide

A

IgA nephropathy

372
Q

Most common cause of gross hematuria in children

A

IgA nephropathy

373
Q

Mesangial IgA deposits

A

IgA nephropathy

374
Q

Most common hereditary nephritis

A

Alport syndrome

375
Q

Alport syndrome

A

Type 4 collagen

376
Q

Kidney

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Alport syndrome

377
Q

Lumpy bumpy

A

Post Strep GN

378
Q

Post Strep GN

A

GABHS

379
Q

Most common nephrosis in childhood

A

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

380
Q

WT1 gene

A

Wilm’s tumor

381
Q

Retrograde flow of urine

A

Vesicoureteral reflux

382
Q

Diagnostic for Vesicoureteral reflux

A

Voiding cystouretrogram

383
Q

Irritability
Wizened face
Emaciation

A

Marasmus

384
Q

Zinc deficiency

A

Acrodermatitis enterohepatica

385
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy

386
Q

Scorbutic rosary
Bluish spongy swelling of mucous membrane
Ground glass appearance

A

Scurvy

387
Q

Widening of wrists and ankles
Craniotabes
Rachitic rosary
Harrison grove

A

Rickets

388
Q

Surfactant immaturity
Preterm
Ground glass

A

Respiratory distress syndrome

389
Q

Bubbly lungs

A

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Board review (9 decks)

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