Gastro Intestinal System

Question 1

How long is the muscular tube that passes through thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

Answer 1

8 meters long from mouth to anus

Question 2

Name the four layers within the muscular tube that are specialises in certain regions to perform functions?

Answer 2

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscular layer
Serosa

Question 3

What is the mucosa? Describe structure

Answer 3

(mucous membrane) Is underlying connective tissue and a small amount of smooth muscle. In some regions it is folded with projections that extend into lumen - this helps to increase absorption surface.

Question 4

What does mucosa carry out?

Answer 4

Secretion and absorption and is in contact with food

Question 5

What process is the function of the smooth muscle layer in the digestive system?

Answer 5

Mixing and propulsion

Question 6

What process is the primary function of the mouth?

Answer 6

Ingestion

Question 7

Which process is the primary functions of the villi of the small intestine?

Answer 7

Absorption

Question 8

What accessory organ stores bile?

Answer 8

Gallbladder

Question 9

What is the submucosa?

Answer 9

Loose connective tissue, nourishes surrounding tissues and carries away absorbed material

Question 10

What does the submucosa contain?

Answer 10

glands, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

Question 11

What is the muscular layer? & what are its 2 constructed muscle tissue coats called?

Answer 11

It produces movement of the tube
1. circular fibres = on inner coat will cause contraction
2. longitudinal fibres = run length ways and cause shortening

Question 12

What layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis?

Answer 12

Submucosa

Question 13

Why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion?

Answer 13

Bcos they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract

Question 14

What portion of the peritoneum is largely responsible for carrying blood and limp vessels to the intestines?

Answer 14

Mesocolon

Question 15

What layer of the GI tract contains skeletal muscle?

Answer 15

Muscularis

Question 16

What is the serosa layer?

Answer 16

Smooth tissue membrane - protects underlying tissues and secretes serous fluid so that there is free movement of abdominal organs against eachother

Question 17

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 17

Largest serous membrane of the body - sheet of smooth tissue that lines your abdominopelvic cavity and surrounds your abdominal organs

Question 18

What does the parietal peritoneum line?

Answer 18

Walls of abdominopelvic cavity

Question 19

What does the visceral peritoneum cover?

Answer 19

The organs in cavity and is serosa

Question 20

What is ascites?

Answer 20

Buildup of fluid in abdomen - often occurs as a result of cirrhosis, a liver disease

Question 21

What organs are retroperitoneal?

Answer 21

Adrenal glands, kidneys, pancreas

Question 22

What does retroperitoneal mean?

Answer 22

Where some organs lie on the posterior abdominal wall and are covered by peritoneum only on there anterior surfaces

Question 23

What is NOT a function of the liver?

Answer 23

Storage of bilirubin

Question 24

What structure regulates the flow of material into the colon?

Answer 24

Ileocecal sphincter

Question 25

What is the mesentery?

Answer 25

Fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the wall around the stomach area and holds it in place

Question 26

What is the mesocolon?

Answer 26

A mesentery that attaches the colon to the posterior abdominal wall. Carries blood and lymphatic vessels to the intestines

Question 27

What is NOT a primary function of the large intestine?

Answer 27

Regulation of blood glucose

Question 28

What is mastication?

Answer 28

Chewing, crushing and breaking into smaller fragments - easier to move through digestive tract

Question 29

Describe the process of ingestion?

Answer 29

Material enters the digestive tract via mouth - mouth starts the process of mechanical and chemical actions

Question 30

What is pyloric stenosis & where does it occur?

Answer 30

Condition in infants that blocks food from entering small intestine. Happens in the pylorus valve (narrow opening between stomach and duodenum)

Question 31

What is pancreatitis? & what can it be caused by?

Answer 31

Inflammation of the pancreas - heavy alcohol use

Question 32

What is the enteric nervous system?

Answer 32

"brain of the gut"

Question 33

What three organs are part of the enteric nerves system?

Answer 33

Gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and gall bladder

Question 34

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 34

network of nerves that relaxes our body after periods of stress or danger - also helps run life sustaining processes like digestion. PSS stimulation via the vagus nerve increases GI tract and motility

Question 35

What is sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 35

Network of nerves that helps our body activate its 'fight or flight' response - this systems activity increases when we are stressed, in danger or physically active

Question 36

What are salivary glands?

Answer 36

Within the mouth. They release saliva which keeps mouth and pharynx moist and clean.

Question 37

Name the 3 salivary glands within the mouth?

Answer 37

- Parotid (watery texture) - Submandibular - sublingual Both subs are mucous rich

Question 38

What happens when food enters the mouth?

Answer 38

Secretion increases to lubricate and dissolve to begin chemical digestion

Question 39

What is the oesophagus?

Answer 39

Secretes mucous, transports food

Question 40

What is the pancreas?

Answer 40

organ in digestive and endocrine system - exocrine pancreas produces enzymes that help to digest food, particularly protein

Question 41

What are some of the liver and gallbladder functions?

Answer 41

- Carbohydrate metabolism (glycogen - glucose) - fat metabolism

Question 42

Name the 3 regions of the small intestine

Answer 42

duodenum jejunum ileum

Question 43

What is the role of bile?

Answer 43

Bile is fluid that is made and released by liver - it breaks down fats into fatty acids which can be taken into body from digestive tract

Question 44

Where is bile stored?

Answer 44

The gallbladder

Question 45

What is peristalsis?

Answer 45

Series of wave like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

Question 46

What is the illeocaecal sprincter?

Answer 46

Small opening with large nerve plexus between small and large intestine

Question 47

What are the four regions of the large intestine?

Answer 47

Caecum Colon Rectum Anal Canal

Question 48

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 48

Chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbon

Question 49

What are amino acids?

Answer 49

These serve as building blocks of proteins. They are molecules that all loving things need to make protein