Gastroenterology: Digestive System (Pt. 2)

Question 1

Anus

Answer 1

The distal opening of the digestive tract outside of the body.

Question 2

Appendix

Answer 2

Small pouch attached to the cecum; serves no known purpose.

Question 3

Bile

Answer 3

Substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; transported to duodenum by the common bile duct; aids in fat digestion; also called gall.

Question 4

Bile Duct

Answer 4

A series of ducts to transport bile between liver, gallbladder, and duodenum.

Question 5

Gallbladder

Answer 5

Organs that stores bile produced by liver.

Question 6

Common Bile Duct

Answer 6

The main duct that transports bile from liver or gallbladder to duodenum.

Question 7

What is the role of the colon?

Answer 7

Receives undigested food from intestine; allows for water to be reabsorbed into body; what remains is called feces.

Question 8

How is the colon divided?

Answer 8

Colon is divided into ascending colon, tranverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon.

Question 9

What is encompassed by the term large intestine?

Answer 9

Term large intestine includes cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, and anus.

Question 10

Diverticula

Answer 10

Small abnormal pouch that forms off intestinal or colon wall; can become inflamed and infected.

Question 11

Duodenum

Answer 11

First section of intestine; receives food from the stomach, digestive enzymes from the pancreas, and bile from the liver; final digestion of food and absorption of nutrients begins in duodenum.

Question 12

What is the role of the intestine?

Answer 12

Receives food from the stomach, digestive enzyme from the pancreas, and bile from the liver; absorption of nutrients begins in intestine; consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Question 13

Esophagus

Answer 13

A mascular tube that carries food from throat to stomach.

Question 14

Stomach

Answer 14

Mascular sac producing producing hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes; begins digestive process by mixing food received from esophagus with acid.

Question 15

Chyme

Answer 15

Watery mixture that leaves stomach and enters duodenum.

Question 16

Liver

Answer 16

A complex abdominal organ; in gastroenterology, plays role in digestion by producing bile to aid in fat digestion.

Question 17

Ileum

Answer 17

Third section of intestine; receives digested food from jejunum and completes process of digestion and nutrient absorption.

Question 18

Jejunum

Answer 18

Second portion of intestine; receives digested food from duodenum and continues process of digestion and nutrient absorption.

Question 19

Abdomen

Answer 19

A body cavity that houses organs of digestion, reproduction, and excretion.

Question 20

Pancreas

Answer 20

An organ that produces digestive enzymes; pancreatic duct carries these enzymes to duodenum where they aid in food digestion.

Question 21

Polyps

Answer 21

Small mushroom-shaped tumors that grow on mucous membranes of colon and extend into lumen of colon; can become cancerous.

Question 22

Rectum

Answer 22

Final segment of colon; receives feces from the sigmoid colon and stores it prior to elimination.

Question 23

Sigmoid Colon

Answer 23

An s-shaped region of colon; feces passes out of sigmoid colon into rectum.

Question 24

Ascites

Answer 24

Accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity

Question 25

Barium Enema (BE)

Answer 25

X-ray examination of intestine and colon using barium as contrast medium; also known as lower GI series.

Question 26

Cirrhosis

Answer 26

Chronic liver disease

Question 27

Crohn Disease

Answer 27

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with mucous membrane ulcers; most often found in ileum.

Question 28

Dysentery

Answer 28

Acute intestinal condition with pain, diarrhea, and blood and mucus in stools; usually caused by bacterial or parasitic infection.

Question 29

Esophageal Atresia

Answer 29

Congenital lack of the connection between esophagus and stomach; food cannot enter stomach.

Question 30

Esophageal Varices

Answer 30

Varicose veins in esophagus; result in massive bleeding if rupture.

Question 31

Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)

Answer 31

Clinical lab test for presence of small amounts of blood in feces; also called hemoccult test or stool guaiac test.

Question 32

Gastric Bypass

Answer 32

Surgical treatment for obesity; portion of stomach is stapled off and bypassed so that it holds less food; also called stomach stapling.

Question 33

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Answer 33

Occurs when stomach acid backs up into esophagus

Question 34

*Helicobacter polyri* Antibody Test

Answer 34

Clinical lab test for presence of bacteria known to cause gastric ulcers.

Question 35

Hemorrhoids

Answer 35

Varicose veins in rectum

Question 36

Ileus

Answer 36

Obstruction of intestine that occurs when muscular movements stop moving food or blockage prevents food from moving through digestive tract.

Question 37

Intussusception

Answer 37

Occurs when one section of intestine slips or telescopes into another section of intestine.

Question 38

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Answer 38

Disturbances in normal functioning of bowel characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea; often associated with stress; also called spastic colon.

Question 39

Juandice

Answer 39

Yellow-colored skin and whites of eyes associated with liver disease.

Question 40

Melena

Answer 40

Very dark, tarry stools due to presence of blood

Question 41

Nausea

Answer 41

Feeling of urge to vomit

Question 42

Ova and Parasites (O&P)

Answer 42

Clinical lab test for presence of parasites or their eggs in feces.

Question 43

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Answer 43

Craterlike erosion occuring on mucous membrane of lower esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum; more dangerous if ulcer eats into blood vessel and becomes bleeding ulcer; or if ulcer eats through wall of stomach and becomes a preforated ulcer allowing stomach to escape into abdominal cavity.

Question 44

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

Answer 44

Nutrient-complete solution given directly into bloodstream when person cannot eat by mouth.

Question 45

Ulcerative Colitis

Answer 45

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by formation of ulcers on mucous membrane of colon.

Question 46

Upper Gastrointestinal Series

Answer 46

X-ray examination of esophagus and stomach using barium as contrast; also known as barium swallow.

Question 47

Volvulus

Answer 47

Length of bowel that becomes twisted around itself.

Question 48

Vomit

Answer 48

Forceful return of stomach contents out of mouth.