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Medical & Technical Terminology (Exam 2) > Urology/Nephrology (Pt. 2) > Flashcards

Urology/Nephrology (Pt. 2) Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Glans Penis

A

The enlarged tip of the penis; glans is convered by the prepuce or foreskin.

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2
Q

Urinary Bladder

A

Muscular organ that stores urine produced by the kidneys; urine drains into bladder from ureters and exits bladder in urethra.

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3
Q

Epididymis

A

Sits on surface of each testis; stores sperm as they are made by the testes.

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4
Q

Stones

A

Uses the combining form lith/o; they can arise from any part of the body and are usually form from organic or inorganic salts.

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5
Q

What is the location and general composition of the kidneys?

A

One kidney is located on either side of spine at level of lower ribs; each consists of thousands of nephrons.

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6
Q

Glomerulus

A

Portion of each nephron that filters waste products and excess water and electrolytes out of the blood to produce urine; urine drains out of the kidney into ureter and one to urinary bladder for storage.

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7
Q

Testes

A

The male reproductive organs taht produce sperm and testosterone; the two are suspended outside body in the scrotum.

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8
Q

What is the “waiting room” of sperm?

A

As sperm are produced, they travel to epididymis for storage; singular form is testis.

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9
Q

What is the singular form of testes and the alternative name?

A

Singular form is testis; another term for testes is testicles.

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10
Q

Stoma

A

New opening on surface of body.

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11
Q

Prostate Gland

A

One of the male reproductive glands found surrounding urethra at base of bladder; secretes milky fluid that makes up much of the liquid portion of semen and serves to nourish sperm.

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12
Q

Renal Pelvis

A

Area inside each kidney where urine collects as it is being made; each renal pelvis then drains into one of the ureters.

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13
Q

Semen

A

Fluid ejaculated from penis during intercourse; contains sperm and fluids secreted by reproductive glands: prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral.

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14
Q

Sperm

A

Male reproductive cells; produced in testes and ejaculated from body in semen, contain one-half the normal complement of chromosomes.

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15
Q

What heppens when sperm fertilizes ovum?

A

When sperm fertilizes ovum (which also has one-half set of chromosomes), new baby is created with full set of chromosomes.

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16
Q

Ureter

A

A tube leading away from renal pelvis of each kidney, carries urine form kidney to urinary baldder

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17
Q

Urethra

A

Single urethra leads our of the bladder and carries urine outside of body; external opening is meatus.

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18
Q

Urine

A

The fluid produced by nephrons of each kidney as they filter waste, water, and dissolved susbtances from blood.

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19
Q

Seminal Vesicles

A

The male reproductive glands found behind bladder; add fluids to sperm as they pass in vas deferens.

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20
Q

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

A

Noncancerous enlargement of prostate gland; condition places pressure on urethra and narrows it resulting in frequency, urgency, and nocturia; commonly seen in males over age 50.

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21
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

Blood test to determine kidney function by measuring level of nitrogenous waste, urea, in blood.

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22
Q

Calculus

A

Term for “stone formed within organ”; most are formed from mineral salts; commonly found in kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra; plural is calculi.

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23
Q

Chlamydia

A

Bacterial sexually transmitted disease; causes inflammation of urethra of males or cervix of females with purulent discharge.

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24
Q

Circumcision

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A

Surgical removal of prepuce or foreskin from glans penis; commonly performed on newborn male at request of parents; primary reason is for ease of hygiene; also a ritual practice in some religions.

25
Clean Catch Specimen (CC)
Procedure for obtaining urine sample after cleaning urethral meatus and catching urine in midstream (halfway through urination process) to minimize contamination from skin.
26
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)
Direct examination for presence of enlarged prostate gland performed by palpating (feeling) prostate gland with fingers (digital), through wall of rectum.
27
Erectile Dysfunction
Inability to achieve erection of penis for coitus; also called impotence.
28
Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
Treatment procedure for urinary system stones; utilizes ultrasound waves to break up stones; process is noninvasive, meaning it does not require surgery.
29
Frequency
Condition of feeling urge to urinate more oftan normal but without increase in total daily volume of urine; can indicate inflammation of bladder or urethra or benign prostatic hypertrophy.
30
Genital Herpes
Highly infectious viral sexually transmitted disease; causes blisterlike lesions on penis of males or cervix and vagina of females.
31
Gonorrhea
Bacterial sexually transmitted disease; infects mucous membranes and can spread throughout entire genitourinary system; often does not cause many symptoms until widespread.
32
Hemodialysis
Treatment of renal failure using artifical kidney mechine to filter waste from blood.
33
Hesitancy
State of difficulty intiating flow of urine; often symptom of blockage along urethra, such as caused by benign prostatic hypertrophy.
34
Hydrocele
Accumulation of fluid within scrotum
35
Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)
X-ray of kidney following injection of dye into vein to visual renal pelvis as kidney filters dye out of bloodstream and puts it into urine.
36
Peritoneal Dialysis
Artificial means to remove waste substances from body by placing warm, chemically balanced solutions into peritoneal cavity; treatment for renal failure.
37
Phimosis
Narrowing of prepuce over glans penis; can cause diffiulty with urination and infection; treatment is circumcision.
38
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Inherited kidney disease characterized by presence of multiple cysts through-out kidney tissue; eventually destroys kidneys and results in kidney failure.
39
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
Blood test to screen for prostate cancer
40
Prostatic Cancer
Common and slow-growing cancer of prostate gland occuring in males over age 50; prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is used to assist in early detection of this disease.
41
Renal Failure
Inability of kidneys to filter wastes from blood and/or produce urine; treatment of severe renal failure is dialysis or renal transplant.
42
Renal Transplant
Replacement of diseased kidney by donor kidney
43
Retrograde Pyelogram (RP)
X-ray of urinary bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis following insertion of dye through urethra.
44
Semen Analysis
Evaluation of semen for fertility; sperm in semen analyzed for number, swimming strength, and shape; procedure would also be used to determine whether vasectomy has been succesful.
45
Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)
Contagious disease acquired through sexually contract; formerly referred to as venereal disease (VD).
46
Sterility
Inability to produce children; in males, usually due to problem with sperm production, such as aspermia or oligospermia; also called infertility.
47
Syphilis
Bacterial sexually transmitted disease; beings as localized ulcer at point of infection; chronic disease that spreads through lymph nodes to nervous system after years; causing death.
48
Testicular Cancer
Cancer of one or both testicles; commonly seen in young men or boys.
49
Transurethral Resection
Surgical removal of prostate gland tissue by inserting device called resectoscope through urethra and removing prostate tissue.
50
Trichomoniasis
Protozoan sexually transmitted disease; causes inflammation of genitourinary tract in both men and women.
51
Undescended Testicles
Congenital anomaly involving failure of one or both of testes to descend into scrotal sac before birth; surgical procedure called orchipexy can be required to brin testes down into scrotum permenantly; also called cryptorchism.
52
Urgency
Force or impulse of needing to urinate immediately.
53
Urinalysis (U/A, UA)
Laboratory test that consists of physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine.
54
Urinary Catheterization (cath)
Insertion of flexible tube, catheter, into urinary bladder through urethra; used to withdraw urine or insert dye.
55
Urinary Incontinence
Involuntary urination; also called enuresis
56
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Infection of urethra and/or urinary bladder
57
Urine Culture & Sensitivity (C&S)
Diagnostic lab procedure that identifies bacterial infection in urinary system and determines best antibiotic to treat it; involves growing bacteria in culture medium and testing different antibiotics on it.
58
Variocele
Development of varicose veins leading to testes in scrotum..
59
Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)
X-ray made while patient voids dye that has been placed in urinary bladder urethra.

Medical & Technical Terminology (Exam 2) (11 decks)

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