Hematology: Blood (Pt. 2)

Question 1

Clot

Answer 1

Hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is end result of hemostasis or blood-clotting process.

Question 2

Anemia

Answer 2

Group of blood disorders involving either a reduction in number of circulating erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells; results in decreased oxygen delivery to tissues.

Question 3

Anticoagulant

Answer 3

Any substance that prevents clot formation

Question 4

Aplastic Anemia

Answer 4

Severe form of anemia caused by loss of functioning red bone marrow; results in decrease in number of all blood cells; may require bone marrow transplant.

Question 5

Autotransfusion

Answer 5

Collecting and storing one’s own blood to use to replace blood lost during surgery.

Question 6

Blood Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)

Answer 6

Blood specimen incubated to check for bacterial growth; if bacteria is present, they are identified and best antibiotic treatment is determined.

Question 7

Blood Transfusion

Answer 7

Transfer of blood from one person to another; there four types of blood: A, B, AB, O.

Question 8

Bone Marrow Aspiration

Answer 8

Removal of small sample of bone marrow by needle and examined for diseases such as leukemia or aplastic anemia.

Question 9

Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)

Answer 9

Patient receives red bone marrow donation after own bone marrow is destroyed by radiation or chemotherapy.

Question 10

Coagulate

Answer 10

Formation of blood clot

Question 11

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Answer 11

Comprehensive blood test that includes red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), white blood cell differential, and platelet count.

Question 12

Embolus

Answer 12

Commonly called floating clot; usually piece of thrombus breaks away and floats through bloodstream until it lodges in a smaller blood vessel and blocks blood flow.

Question 13

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR, sed rate)

Answer 13

Blood test that measures rate at which red blood cells settle out of blood to form sediment in bottom of test tube; indicates presence of inflammatory disease.

Question 14

Hematocrit (HCT, Hct, crit)

Answer 14

Blood test that measures volume of red blood cells within total colume of blood.

Question 15

Hematoma

Answer 15

Blood collection under skin by escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessel; commonly called bruise.

Question 16

Hemoglobin (Hgb, hb)

Answer 16

Blood test that measures amount of hemoglobin present in given volume of blood.

Question 17

Hemophilia

Answer 17

Inherited lack of a vital clotting factor; results in almost complete inability to stop bleeding.

Question 18

Iron-deficiency Anemia

Answer 18

Anemia resulting when there is not enough iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells.

Question 19

Leukemia

Answer 19

Cancer of leukocyte-forming red bone marrow; patient has large number of abnormal and immature leukocytes circulating in blood

Question 20

Pernicious Anemia (PA)

Answer 20

Anemia resulting when digestive system absorbs insufficient amount of vitamin B₁₂; vitamin B₁₂ is necessary for erythrocyte production.

Question 21

Phlebotomy

Answer 21

Removal of blood specimen from vein for laboratory tests; also called venipuncture.

Question 22

Platelet Count

Answer 22

Blood test that determines the amount of platelets in given volume of blood.

Question 23

Polycythemia Vera

Answer 23

Condition characterized by too many erythrocytes; blood becomes too thick to flow easily through blood vessels.

Question 24

Prothrombin Time (Pro Time, PT)

Answer 24

Blood test that measures how long it takes for clot to form after prothrombin, a blood clotting protein, is activated.

Question 25

Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)

Answer 25

Blood test that determines number of erythrocytes in volume of blood; decreases may indicate anemia; increase may indicate polycythemia vera.

Question 26

Septicemia

Answer 26

Presence of bacteria or their toxins in bloodstream; commonly called blood poisoning.

Question 27

Sequential Multiple Analyzer Computer (SMAC)

Answer 27

Machine that performs multiple blood chemistry tests automatically.

Question 28

Serum

Answer 28

Blood that has had formed elements and clotting factors removed.

Question 29

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 29

Inherited blood cell disorder in which erythrocytes take on an abnormal curved or "sickle" shape; cells are fragile and easily damaged resulting in anemia; occurs exclusively in persons of African descent.

Question 30

Thalassemia

Answer 30

Inherited blood disorder in which body is unable to correctly make hemoglobin, resulting in anemia.

Question 31

Thrombolytic Therapy

Answer 31

Administering medication to dissolve blood clot and restore normal circulation.

Question 32

White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

Answer 32

Blood test that determines number of leukocytes in volume of blood; increase may indicate infection or leukemia; decrease may be caused by some diseases, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

Question 33

White Blood Differential (diff)

Answer 33

Blood test determines number of each type of leukocytes.