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T3- GIGU unit1 > gastrointestinal motility > Flashcards

gastrointestinal motility Flashcards

S: 32 (69 cards)

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1
Q

______: when an A.P is elicited within the M it will trvel in all directions of the M

A

syncytium

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2
Q

an A.P will ____ of the cell membrane

A

reverse polarity

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3
Q

___: are low resistance pathways fro ion movement. They signal AP propagation

A

gap jxn

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4
Q

rhythmical changes in membrane potential caused by variations in ____

A

sodium conductance

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5
Q

___ are pacemaker cells

A

Interstitial cells fo Cajal

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6
Q

____ cells dictate max freq of SM contraction

A

Interstitial cells of CAJAL

  • independent of nervous/ horm stim
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7
Q

Interstitial cells of CAJAL open and close ___ channels

A

Ca+2 channels

  • SM is controlled by Ca+2 channels
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8
Q

nervous and horm stim will affect the ____ of GI SM contractions

A

amplitude

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9
Q

_____ is affected by nervous and horm stim, and ____ is NOT

A

amplitude is affected

  • freq is not affected
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10
Q

the stomach contracts ___ x’s per min

A

3 x’s

(dued= 6
ileum = 8-9)
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11
Q

dued. contracts ___x’s per min

A

6x’s per minute

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12
Q

ileum contracts ___x’s per min

A

8-9x’s

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13
Q

the threshold is ____ mV before spikes are formed

A
  • 40mV

- above -40 will cause a spike AP

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14
Q

There is constant contraction due to __

A

slow waves

- interstitual cells of Cajal act as pacemakers and constantly regulate the RMP

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15
Q

A spike potential will be stim by (3)

A
  1. stretch
  2. AcH
  3. PS
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16
Q

hyperpolarization will be caused by (2)

A
  1. SP
  2. NE
  • will cause the membrane potential to go super neg. making it harder to stim an action
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17
Q

SM contract at ___mV

A

-40mV (threshold)

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18
Q

There are voltage dependent ____ channels in the GI tract

A

Ca+2 channels

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19
Q

Ca+ binds to ____ in voltage Ca+ channels

A

calmodulin

- this activates myosin kinase

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20
Q

the binding ofCa+ to calmoduin activates ____ = contraction

A

activates myosin kinase

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21
Q

(4) factors that depolarize the membrane

A
  1. stretching of M
  2. Stim by AcH
  3. Stim by PS
  4. Stim by GI horm
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22
Q

(2) factors that stim the hyperpolarization of the membrane

A
  1. NE or EN

2. SP

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23
Q

action of the GI tract when depolarized

A

contraction

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24
Q

action of the GI tract when hyperpolarized

A

relaxation

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25
____ horm works with gastric and intestinal motility
gastrin
26
___ horm causes contraction of GB and inhibits stomach contraction
CCK
27
___ horm causes mild effect on GIT motility
Secretin
28
____ horm causes mild stomach contraction
GIP
29
____ horm stim gastric and intestinal motility
motilin
30
What horm is stim by protein carb and fats?
GIP
31
____ horm stim the beta cells to produce insulin
GIP
32
c.c _____ test stim GIP horm to test the bodies response to insulin
oral glucose dependent test
33
(3) horm that stim motility
gastrin secretion motilin
34
(2) horm inhibit stomach contraction
CCK | GIP
35
(3) horm stim by protein
Gastrin GIP CCK
36
(1) horm that stim by carb
GIP
37
(4) horm stim by fat
CCK Secretion GIP motilin
38
____ : chopping and shearing movements
segmentation
39
___ M does segmentation
circular M
40
"______": orad contraction with downstream receptive relaxation
law of GUT
41
*** _____ blocks Ach receptors
atrophine - decreases peristalsis - given in meds
42
____ plexus is required for peristalsis to occur
myenteric plexus
43
**c.c. ____ : is in drugs. It binds to the nicotinic receptors so that AcH can not bind. Inhib. peristalisis
atropine
44
***c.C._______: condition where the child is born without a myentric plexus= no peristalsis
hirschsprungs dx
45
swallowing reflex is stim when _____
food bolus brought btw tongue and palate
46
(4) purposes of mastication
1. breakdown cellulose membrane 2. increase surface area exposed to digestive enzymes 3. prevent excoriation of the GI tract 4. increase easy passage through the GI tract
47
(3) stages of swallowing
1. oral 2. pharyngeal 3. esophagus
48
during the pharyngeal stage the ___ is closed and the ___ is open
trachea closed | esophagus open
49
pharyngeal stage of swallowing is initiated by stim the ______ & ____
posterior mouth & pharynx
50
the pharyngeal stage motor impulse is supplied by (4) N
trigeminal glossopharyngeal vagus hypoglossal
51
secondary peristalsis results from ____ of the esophagus
distention
52
the upper 1/3 of the esophagus is ___M innervated by __& __
skeletal M | innervated by : glossopharyngeal and vagus pharyngeal plexus
53
the lower 2/3 of the esophagus is innervated by ____ and is made up of ___M
innervated by vagus SM
54
c.c.____ : is a condition where the upper esophageal sphincter can not keep air out / swallowing air
aerophagia
55
c.c. esophageal cancer is a result of what?
the lower esophageal sphnincter can not completely close, so the esophagus is exposed to chronic irritation by gastric juices
56
What two muscles make up the hypopharyngeal sphincter?
cricopharyngeus | inferior constrictor M
57
Name the two esophagus M
hypopharyngeal sphnicter | lower esophagus sphnicter
58
fxn of the hypopharyngeal sphincter
tonically contract and relax
59
peptidergic fibers in the vagus N release ____ which relaxes the LES
VIP
60
(6) aspects that maintain the LES tone
1.difference in intra-abdominal and intra thoracic presure 2. diaphragmatic support 3. phrenicoesophageal lig 4. esophageal mucosal folds 5. angle of His 6. horm.s
61
c.c._____: failure of LES to relax. it impedes flow of food into stomach
achalasia - lesion in the dorsal motor neuron, vagal trunk, myenteric plexus
62
c.c. in the condition of achalasia there could be a lesion in which 3 places
dorsal motor neuron myenteric plexus vagal trunk
63
c.c.____: low resting tone of the LES, inappropriate relaxation, or decreased postprandial pressure
GERD
64
factors that depolarize the membrane (4)
1. stim of M 2. stim by AcH 3. Stim by PS 4. Stim by GI horms
65
factors that cause the membrane to hypoerpolarize (2)
1. NE or EN | 2. SP
66
distention of the stomach is limited to ___ to ___ L
0.8 to 1.5 liters
67
fxn of vagovagal reflexes -
decrease M tone of the stomach wall
68
there is retropulsion from the ____ of the stomach during propulsion of food
retropulsion
69
____: mild pain ensuing 12-24 hours after last ingestion of food
hunger pangs | hunger contraction is empty for several hours

T3- GIGU unit1 (4 decks)

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