gneral principles of Gastro physio Flashcards
done! (86 cards)
1
Q
The stomach preforms ___ to digest food
A
churning
2
Q
The Small intestines preform ___ to digest food
A
segmentation
3
Q
absorption occurs in the ___ and ___
A
small and large intestine
4
Q
all GI endocrine horms are ____
A
peptides
5
Q
____ horm are released into the blood and act on distant target cells
A
endocrine horm
6
Q
____ horm act on target cells by diffusion
A
paracrine
7
Q
___________horm act on target cells by action potentials
A
neurocrine horm
8
Q
__ nerve type mainly stim the GI tract
A
parasympathetic
9
Q
____ nerve type usually inhibits the GI tract
A
sympathetic
10
Q
Name the two nerve plexus’ of the GI Tract
A
myenteric (Auerbach’s ) plexus
submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus
11
Q
Location of the enteric nervous system
A
gut wall from esophagus to anus
12
Q
The enteric nervous system begins at the ___
A
esophagus
13
Q
____ is the source of Ach
A
cholingeric neurons
14
Q
Ach acts to contract ___ muscles
A
smooth muscles
15
Q
Ach acts to ___ sphincters
A
relax
16
Q
Ach acts to increase (3) secretions
A
salivary
gastric
pancreatic
17
Q
Source of Norephinephrine
A
adrenergic neurons
18
Q
Norephinephrine acts to ___ smooth M and contract ____
A
relax smooth muscle
contract sphincters
19
Q
norephinephrine acts to increase ___ secretion
A
salivary
20
Q
vasoactive intestinal peptide source is ___
A
neurons of mucosa and smooth muscles
21
Q
vasoactive intestinal peptide increase (2) secretions
A
intestinal
pancreatic
22
Q
source of gastrin releasing peptide or bombesin
A
neurons of gastric mucosa
23
Q
gastrin releasing peptide (bombesin) increases ____ secretions
A
gastrin
24
Q
source of encephalin (opiates)
A
neurons of mucosa and smooth muscle
25
source of neuropeptide Y
neurons of mucosa and smooth muscle
26
enkephalins decreases ____
intestinal secretions
27
neuropeptide Y decreases ___ secretions
intestinal
28
source of substance P
cosecreted with Ach
29
substance P increases ____ secretions
salivary
30
Which (2) neurotramsmitters decrease intestinal secretions
enkephalins & neuropeptide Y
31
Which neurotransmitters contract smooth
Ach
Vasoactive intestinal peptides
enkephalins
substance P
32
Which neurotransmitters relax the smooth muscle
norepinephrine
| neuropeptide Y
33
which neurotransmitter relax sphincters
Ach
| vasoactive intestinal peptides
34
which neurotransmitter contract sphincter
norepinephrine
35
Myenteric plexus starts at ___ and ends at ___
esophagus to anus
36
Myenteric plexus is located btw the ___ and ___ layers
btw longitudinal and circular SM layers
37
function of the myenteric plexus
controls the GI motility
- increases tonic contraction (tone)
increases contraction freq / intensity (increase propulsion)
- inhibits sphincter tone
38
The stimulatory influences of the myentric plexus increases ___ & ___
```
tonic contraction (tone)
contraction freq / intensity (increase propulsion)
```
39
the myentric plexus inhibits
sphincter tone (relaxes)
40
the myentric plexus inhibits which sphincters (3)
pyloric
ileocecal
LES
41
location of the submucosal plexus
mucosal layer from esophagus to anus
42
function of the submucosal plexus
local control of:
secretion
absorption
contraction of muscularis mucosa
43
___ plexus stim contraction of the muscularis mucosa
submucosal plexus
44
____ division is derived from foregut and midgut
cranial division of the vagus N
45
___ division is derived from the hindgut
sacral division ( pelvic splanchnic N)
46
pre gg neurons (long) originate at __-__ (cell bodies and synapse in prevertebral gg
T5-L2
47
pregg Neurons (long) originate at T5-L2 and synapse in ___gg
prevertebral gg
48
_____________ neurons originate at T5-L2 and synapse in prevertebral gg
pregg neurons (long)
49
______ neurons originate in ganglia (cell bodies) and innervate entire gut
post gg neurons (long)
50
_____ neurons innervate the entire gut
POST GG (LONG)
51
nuerocrines are ___
neurotransmitters
52
stim of afferent neurons will cause (3) :
distention of gut wall
non specific irritation of gut mucosa
specific chem stim
53
name three long loop reflexes
gastrocolic
enterogastric
colonileal
- go back to the prevertebral gg
54
____ reflex: signal from the dued. & s. intestine to inhibite stomach motility & secretion
enterogastric reflex
- keeps from the stomach dumping more food in an already full dued
- prevertebral gg
55
______ reflex : when destention of the stomach occurs it increases peristalsis of the colon
gastrocolic reflex
- prevertebral gg
56
Which three reflexes trace back to the prevertebral gg
enterogastric
gastrocolic
colonileal
57
_____ reflex: colon to ileum to inhibite ileum from emptying so that food can be absorbed
colonileal reflex
- prevertebral gg
58
pathway of the vagovagal reflex
stomach/dued --> aff. N --> brain --> eff --> stomach/ duod
59
What nerve controls the vagovagal reflex
vagus N
60
_____ REFLEX: allows the stomach to relax for more distention
vagovagal reflex
- decreases motility and increases secretions
61
path of the defection reflex
colon/rectum --> affN --> SC --> eff --> colon/rectum
62
_____ reflex: allows destintion of the rectum and increases peristalsis. The internal anal sphincter relaxes.
defication reflex
63
____ & ____ M relax during defication reflex. While the pelvic ____ pushes down and causes the ___ sphincter to evert
relaxation of the pubic rectalis M & internal anal sphincter
- pelvic diaphragm pushes down and everts the external anal sphincter
64
____ reflex: inhibits the entire GI tract
Pain reflex
65
What are the 4 organ components to the splanchnic circulation
GI tract
spleen
pancreas
liver
66
What are the three feeder arteries of the splanchnic circulation
celiac art
sup. mesen. art
inf. mesen. art
67
celiac art supplies (2)
stomach and splean
68
Sup. mesen. art supplies (3)
S.int., pancreas, prox. colon
69
inf. mesen. art supplies (1)
majority of colon
70
name the venous drainage
portal v --> liver sinusoids --> hepatic V
71
_____ cells line the liver sinusoids and remove bact.
reticuloendothelial cells
72
What type of cells are reticuloendothelial cells ?
Von Kuffer
- line the liver sinusoids. Remove bact.
73
during splanchnic circulation 1/2 to 1/3 nutrients is removed and stored in the ___
liver
74
there is an increase in blood flow for ___-__ hr after eating
3-6 hours
increases 2-3 fold
75
name (3) vasodiator horm
gastric, secretin, CCK
76
Name (2) vasodilator kinin
kallidin
| bradykinin
77
What occurs when there is love O2 and high adenosine
causes an induced blood flow
- with increase activity there is an increase in O2 comsumption. Need more blood to bring O2
78
three factors that cause activity-induced blood from
vasodilator horm (gastrin, secretin, CCK)
vasodilator kinin (kallidin, bradykinin)
low O2 & high adenosine
79
PNS ___ gut activity
increases gut activity (increases blood flow)
80
SNS ____ blood flow to the gut
decreases
81
____ is vasoconstriction via SP. Blood is directed toward the ext.
autoregulatory escape
82
fxn of the central lacteal
to absorb triglycerides
83
c.c. ____ : ischemic necrosis to the villi caused by a blockage within either the sup. or inf mesenteric art
mesentreric thrombosis
84
What (4) c.c. can cause decrease in splanchnic flow, necrosis to villi tip, and decrease absorption capabilities
circulatory shock
decrease cardiac output
hypotension
mechanical obstruction
85
What does cholinergic refer to?
anything that has to do with Ach
86
What does peptidergic have to do with?
anything to do with NE
- VIP and substance P response to NE
