Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

Esophagus fails to develop past some point resulting in a pouch

Answer 1

Esophageal atresia

Question 2

A pathology where the esophagus develops a connection to the trachea.

Answer 2

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 3

What is the diagnosis for congenital condition of the esophagus

Answer 3

a looping of the feeding tube

Question 4

What are the possible causes of acquired esophageal fistula

Answer 4

mediastinum malignancy, infectious process, trauma, perforation from an endoscopy procedure, NG tube, esophageal cancer (late complication)

Question 5

Most common cause of acute esophagitis

Answer 5

Esophagitis

Question 6

What is esophagitis commonly referred to?

Answer 6

Corkscrew esophagus

Question 7

What does GERD stand for?

Answer 7

Any symptomatic condiction or structural change caused by reflex

Question 8

Normal lining of lower esophagus is replaced by tissue similar to stomach

Answer 8

Barrett’s Esophagus

Question 9

Superficial ulcerations or erosions appearing as streaks or dots of barium. Outer border of barium filled esophagus appears hazy & serrated.

Answer 9

Reflux Esophagitis

Question 10

A type of pathology that appears as a flat plaguelike lesion, has irregular walls with mucosal destruction (infiltrating lesion), and has polypoid lesion

Answer 10

Esophageal Cancer

Question 11

At what age does esophageal cancer likely start?

Answer 11

40 years or over

Question 12

Mucosal outpouchings, generally asymptomatic

Answer 12

Esophageal Diverticula

Question 13

Tell me what a Pulsion is and describe its nature.

Answer 13

False type of esophageal diverticula results from motility disorder and contains mucosa and submucosa

Question 14

Name the two types of Pulsion?

Answer 14

Zenker found at the pharyngoesophageal junction and Epiphrenic found at the distal esophagus

Question 15

Contains all the layers of a wall, only found at the opposite side of the bifuraction of trachea, and develops in response to the pulling of adhesion after infection of lymph nodes

Answer 15

Traction (Esophageal Diverticula)

Question 16

Dilated vns in the esophageal wall caused by increased pressure due to portal hypertension (associated with cirrhosis)

Answer 16

Esophageal Varices

Question 17

Serpiginous thickening of folds with round or oval filling defects. Has a work like appearance on the image

Answer 17

Esophageal Varices

Question 18

Most common abnormality seen on UGI. Half of the population over 50 has it.

Answer 18

Hiatal Hernia

Question 19

Portion of stomach slides above diaphragm leaving GE junction below diaphragm

Answer 19

Paraesophagel hernia

Question 20

Failure of lower esophageal sphincter to relax leading to dysphagia. Proximal dilation, gradual tapering & narrowing of distal portion.Happens between the ages 20 to 40.

Answer 20

Achalasia

Question 21

Wide spectrum of foreign bodies some requiring the use of contrast to visualize. May cause dysphagia and requires 2 projections.

Answer 21

Foreign bodies

Question 22

Inner lining of esophagus tears at or near its connection to stomach (GE junction). Conditions that lead to violent and lengthy bouts of coughing or vomiting.Endoscopy procedure demonstrate laceration.

Answer 22

Perforation of Esophagus

Question 23

Weakness of esophageal hiatus permitting a portion of the stomach to emerge into thoracic cavity. Mostly asymptomatic and associated with reflux

Answer 23

Hiatal Hermina

Question 24

Inflammation of the stomach. Changes the normal surface pattern of the gastric mucosa.

Answer 24

Gastritis

Question 25

A form of gastritis where the gastric mucosa is thickening. What caused this to happen?

Answer 25

Alcohol

Question 26

A form of gastritis where the gastric mucosa is narrowing and gastric outlet obstruction. What caused this to happen?

Answer 26

Corrosive materials

Question 27

A type of pathology where inflammatory processes involving the stomach and duodenum. Occurs most frequently @ lesser curvature and caused by action of acid and pepsin.

Answer 27

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Question 28

Most common place to have peptic ulcer disease

Answer 28

duodenal ulcer. occurs in duodenal bulb (95%) benign.

Question 29

A uncommon place to have peptic ulcer disease

Answer 29

lesser curvature of stomach (5%) malignant

Question 30

A pathology affecting the distal stomach. Having diffused thickening, narrowing and fixation of stomach wall. Stomach contracts into tubular structure. Has large, irregular polypoid mass

Answer 30

Stomach Cancer

Question 31

A congenital anomaly where the pyloric canal is greatly narrowed due to hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter. Occurs mostly males (4x)

Answer 31

Pyloric Stenosis

Question 32

Undigested material that becomes trapped in the stomach and causes obstruction

Answer 32

Bezoars

Question 33

Mostly found after gastroectomy, remaining stomach does not break down food to prepare for digestion, food remains and forms a mass

Answer 33

Phytobezoars

Question 34

mass made of hair and fingernails, patients with mental or anxiety disorders

Answer 34

Trichobezoar

Question 35

Congenital diverticulum of the distal ileum. Remnant of a duct connecting SB to the umbilicus in the fetus

Answer 35

Meckel Diverticulum

Question 36

Also know as Regional enteritis. Chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall includes ulcerations & fissures. Has discontinuous disease areas with normal bowel .

Answer 36

Crohn's Disease

Question 37

Bowel lumen becomes occluded due to variety of reason (hernia, tumor adhesions & peritonitis. Distended loops of bowel with gas & fluid.

Answer 37

Mechanical SB Obstruction

Question 38

Involves entire GI tract where large amounts of gas & fluid are found in both the small and large bowel. Generally last no longer than 3 days. The causes for this pathology my arise from surgery, peritonitis, and medications

Answer 38

Adynamic or Paralytic Lleus

Question 39

Selective or disproportionate gaseous distention of the large bowel with obstruction. Massive distention of the cecum due from horizontally oriented

Answer 39

Colonic ileus

Question 40

A segment of telecsopes into a distal segment and is driven further into bowel by peristalsis. It has coiled-spring appearance where barium is trapped between intussuscepting & surrounding bowel. Occurs more common in children & infants

Answer 40

Intussusception

Question 41

Early signs include irregular thickening. Distortion of mucosal folds. Fistulas begin as ulcers that burrow through walls into loops of bowel

Answer 41

Crohn's Desease

Question 42

Isolated distended loops of small or large bowel. Portion of involved bowel my offer clue to the underlying disease

Answer 42

Localized ileus

Question 43

Also know as a Congenital Megacolon. Absence of neurons in bowel wall preventing relaxation and peristalsis. This mostly affects males

Answer 43

Hirschsprung's Disease

Question 44

Neck of appendeix becomes blocked by fecallith or postinflammatory scarring creating a closed loop of obstruction. Also known as gold standard. in CT.

Answer 44

Appendicitis

Question 45

Most common in sigmoid colon with adults over the age of 40. Occurs in clusters with round or oval outpouhings of barium projecting beyond confine of lumen

Answer 45

Diverticula without inflammation

Question 46

Chronic inflammation of the large colon mostly affecting young adults. Usually affects the rectosigmoid/ileum area. Appears continuous without evidence of skipped area and does not involve the small bowel.

Answer 46

Ulcerative Colitis

Question 47

A noncontiguous pathology that involves the proximal portion of the colon. The disease procegress with ulcers becoming deepr & more irregular. Thickening of the bowels blead to narrowing & strictures formation.

Answer 47

Crohn's Colitis

Question 48

An abrupt onset of lower abdominal pain & rectal bleeding. Usually effecting patients over the age of 50 with a history of CV. As a thumbprint appearance

Answer 48

Ischemic Colitis

Question 49

Alteration in intestinal motility. Disruption of the food sequence breakdown in stomach & intestines.

Answer 49

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Question 50

3rd most common cause of cancer mortality. Fifty percent of all cases occur in the rectum & sigmoid. Usually affects men from 50 to 70 years of age

Answer 50

Colon Cancer

Question 51

Majority results from colon cancer. diverticulities and volvulus. Less acute than SB obstructions, develops slowly.

Answer 51

Large Bowel Obstruction

Question 52

Has a lead-pipe appearance containing deep ulcers outlined by gas or polypoid changes.

Answer 52

Ulcerative Colitis

Question 53

Has irregular, lobulated surface or a apple-core or napkin ring appearance.

Answer 53

Colon Cancer. Annular Carcinoma

Question 54

Colon appears collapsed and free of gas. Large dilated colon with greatly distended, thin walled cecum.

Answer 54

Large Bowel Obstruction

Question 55

Twisting of bowel onto itself which leads to obstruction & possibly gangrene. Involves cecum & sigmoid. Has a bird-beak sign luminal tapering at site of stenosis.

Answer 55

Volvulus

Question 56

Benign neoplasm that project into the lumen of bowel. Found in decending colon, sigmoid & rectal area

Answer 56

Polyps