Urinary System Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
80% of these structures contain enough calcium to be radiopaque
A
Urinary calculi
2
Q
A third kidney is known as
A
Supernumerary kidney
3
Q
Cystic dilatation of the distal ureter
A
Ureterocele
4
Q
Destructive process involving the medullary papillae and the terminal renal pyramids
A
Papillary necrosis
5
Q
Dilatation of the renal pelvicalyceal area
A
Hydronephrosis
6
Q
Dilatation of the ureter
A
Hydroureter
7
Q
Ectopic kidney found in the pelvis
A
Abnormally positioned kidney (Positioning anomaly)
8
Q
Evidence of a solitary kidney
A
Renal agenesis
9
Q
Extension of a clot from the inferior vena cava
A
Renal vein thrombus
10
Q
Finger like projection into the lumen of the bladder
A
Bladder carcinoma
11
Q
Fluid filled unilocular mass
A
Renal cyst
12
Q
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
A
Cystitis
13
Q
Inflammatory process involving the tufts of the capillaries that filter the blood
A
Glomerulonephritis
14
Q
Lesion arising from embryonic renal tissue most commonly found in infants and during childhood
A
Wilms’ tumor
15
Q
Fusion of the lower poles of the left and right kidneys
A
Horseshoe kidney
16
Q
Most common renal neoplasm, also known as a hypernephroma
A
Renal carcinoma
17
Q
Multiple cysts of varying size causing progressive renal impairment
A
Polycystic kidney
18
Q
Pyogenic bacteria causing inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
A
Pyelonephritis
19
Q
Results in a condition called uremia, an accumulation of excessive blood levels of urea and creatine
A
Chronic renal failure
20
Q
Thin transverse membrane in the urethra preventing micturition
A
Posterior urethral valves
21
Q
Calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma are termed
A
Nephrocalcinosis
22
Q
When the kidneys are fused at their lower poles, they are termed…
A
Horseshoe Kidney
23
Q
Which term is applied to a renal calculus that completely fills the renal pelvis?
A
Staghorn Calculus
24
Q
What term is applied to an acquired condition that occurs when one kidney is required to do the job of two kidneys?
A
Compensatory Hypertrophy
25
What is the most common abdominal neoplasm of infancy and childhood?
Wilm's tumor
26
A miniature replica of a kidney is termed:
Hypoplastic Kidney
27
Commonly associated with duplicated ureters
Ureteroceles
28
Cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the urinary bladder is called a:
Ureterocele
29
What is the blockage above the level of the bladder, causing dilatation of the renal pelvicalyceal system referred to as?
Hydronephorsis
30
Chronic cystitis is evidenced radiographically by a
Decrease in bladder size and wall irregularity
31
Bilateral enlarged,smooth kidney.
| IVU delayed and prolonged nephrogram.
Acute Renal Failure
32
- 4th most common cancer in men.
- Begins in the lining (epithelium) of the bladder
- Projects into the bladder and may infiltrate the bladder wall with calcifications on surface or within tumor.
Bladder Carcinoma
33
- Calcifications on surface or within tumor.
| - Finger like projections into the lumen or may infiltrate the wall. Bladder wall thickening.
Bladder Carcinoma
34
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Renal Hypoplasia
Unilateral Renal Agenesis
Ectopic Kidney
Crossed Renal Ectopia
Horseshoe Kidney
Duplication or Duplex Kidney
Supernumerary Kidney
Ureterocele
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Types of Congenital Anomalies
35
An underdeveloped kidney (miniature replica) other kidney may be hyperplastic
Renal Hypoplasia
36
- Failure of kidney formation during fetal development
| - Mutation in genes during development, resulting in absence of kidney on one side.
Unilateral Renal Agenesis
37
Kidney is out of its normal position and may appear in the abdomen, pelvis or thoracic area
Ectopic Kidney
38
- One kidney lies across the midline and is fused to the other kidney
- Ureters cross midline and enter bladder on proper side
Crossed Renal Ectopia
39
Lower poles of the kidneys are joined across the midline by a band of soft tissues.
Horseshoe Kidney
40
Bifid pelvis or completely double pelvis, ureter and ureterovesical orifice
Duplication or Duplex Kidney
41
Failure to remove nitrogen
Uremia
42
The most common fusion anomaly (mostly in males)
Horseshoe kidney
43
Complications include obstruction and vesicoureteral reflux with infection
Duplex kidney
44
The presence of a third, small kidney which contains a separate pelvis and ureter.
Supernumerary Kidney
45
Rare anomaly that often becomes symptomatic from infection.
Supernumerary Kidney
46
Cyst-like dilatation of a ureter near its opening into the bladder resulting from congenital stenosis of the ureteral orifice with varying degrees of dilation of proximal ureter.
Ureterocele
47
A cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near its opening into the bladder
Ureterocele
48
Lesion fills with contrast -"Cobrahead" radiographic appearance
Ureterocele
49
Glomerulonephritis (Bright's Disease)
Pyelonephritis
Cystitis
Types of Inflammatory Disorders
50
Antigen-antibody reaction in the glomeruli causes an inflammatory reaction of the renal parenchyma.
Glomerulonephritis (Bright's Disease)
51
Bacterial infection of the calyces and renal pelvis.
Pyelonephritis
52
Most stones form in the calyces and renal pelvis
Kidney Stones
53
Ureterovesical junction is the most common site for lodging
Kidney Stones
54
A large stone that completely fills the renal pelvis, blocking the flow of urine.
Staghorn Calculus
55
Small, irregular, and poorly calcified stones most often result from the downward movement of kidney stones.
Ureteral stones
56
Disorder primarily of elderly men with obstruction or infection of the lower UT.
Bladder stones
57
Obstructive disorder of the urinary system that causes dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine.
Hydronephrosis
58
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Simple Renal Cyst
Polycystic Renal Disease
Renal Carcinoma
Nephroblastoma
Bladder Carcinoma
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Types of Cystes & Tumors
59
Fluid filled cyst that may vary in size, single or multiple and may affect one or both kidneys
Simple Renal Cyst
60
Contains calcifications, mass with indistinct outline, tumor has density similar to normal tissue. AKA: Hypernephroma or Grawitz tumor
Renal Carcinoma
61
Arises from immature kidney cells that fail to develop.
Nephroblastoma
62
Most common abdominal neoplasm of infancy & childhood. AKA: Wilm's Tumor
Nephroblastoma
63
Miniature replica
Renal Hypoplasia
64
IVU demonstrates a single functioning kidney.
Unilateral Renal Agenesis
65
Solitary kidney with 2nd kidney seen in another location pelvis or thorax.
Ectopic Kidney
66
Lies on the same side as the normal kidney (across midline) fused to other kidney.
Crossed Renal Ectopia
67
IVU kidney malrotation and parenchymal fusion.
Horseshoe Kidney
68
IVU double renal pelvis in single kidney; two ureters exiting kidney and emptying into bladder
Duplication or Duplex Kidney
69
Normal to increased kidney size. Chronic cases produce bilateral small kidneys.
Glomerulonephritis
70
- IVU (normal)
- Generalized kidney enlargement
- Delayed calyceal opacification.
- Decreased density of contrast.
(Acute case) Pyelonephritis
71
- Blunting to clubbing (round) of calyces
| - May progress to end stage renal carcinoma
Pyelonephritis (Chronic case)
72
- Ring of lucent gas outlining bladder wall or lumen.
| - Diabetic Patients
Emphysematous cystitis
73
Most common site for lodging is the ureterovesical junction and pelvic brim.
Kidney stones
74
Large stone that completely fills the renal pelvis blocking the flow of urine.
Staghorn calculus
75
Most often result from the downward movement of kidney stones.
Ureteral stones
76
Single or multiple. Vary in size, circular or oval Jackstone
Bladder stones
77
Varies from scattered densities to very dense and extensive calcifications
Nephrocalcinosis
78
Generally enlarged kidney with
| moderately dilated calyces
Acute Hydronephrosis
79
Greatly dilated pelvicalyceal system & ureter proximal to obstruction
Chronic Hydronephrosis
80
Margin appears as a very thin and smooth radiopaque rim about a bulging lucent cyst.
Simple renal cyst
81
Beak sign Thickened rim represents possible bleeding into cyst, infection or malignant lesion.
Simple renal cyst
82
Enlarged kidney with a multilobulated contour. Nephrogram mottled or Swiss cheese pattern due to # of cysts.
Polycystic Kidney Disease
83
IVU pronounced distortion and displacement of the pelvicalyceal system. Downward and lateral displacement
Nephroblastoma
84
Localized bulging or generalized enlargement.
Renal Carcinoma
85
IVU may produce sufficient opacification of kidneys for diagnostic value.
Chronic renal failure
86
Bright's Disease
Glomerulonephritis
87
Wilm's Tumor
Nephroblastoma
88
Renal carnicoma
Hypernephroma
89
The imaging criteria for pyelography are the same as for an abdominal radiograph but must include the area from the _____ to the _____.
a. diapraghm; kidney
b. kidneys; pelvis
c. kidneys; superior pubis
d. diaphragm; inferior bladder
d. diaphragm; inferior bladder
90
What organ of the body plays an essential role in maintaining the acid-base balance of the blood and body fluids, and also the electrolyte balance?
a. nephron
b. glomerulus
c. bladder
d. kidney
d. kidney
91
A bacterial inflammation of teh kidney and renal pelvis is termed ____.
a. renitis
b. pyelonephritis
c. glomerulities
d. none of the above
b. pyelonephritis
92
The medical term used to desribe dilated calyces and renal pelvis is ______.
a. hydronephrosis
b. pyelonephrities
c. nephrosis
d. none of the above
a. hydronephrosis
93
What is the name for the most common abdominal neoplasm of infants and children?
a. polycystic disease
b. pyelonephritis
c. Wilms' tumor
d. hypernephroma
c. Wilms' tumor
94
What is the name of the most common fusion anomaly of the kidneys?
a. complete fusion
b. crossed ectopia
c. pelvic kidney
d. horseshoe kidney
d. horseshoe kidney
95
What is the name for a cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near the bladder?
a. compensatory hypertrophy
b. renal agenesis
c. ureterocele
d. hypoplasty
c. ureterocele
96
Name the first portion of the kidney to become visible after injection of a contrast agent.
a. nephron
b. glomerulus
c. Bowman's capsule
d. calyces
a. nephron
97
What term is used to describe a kidney not in the normal area of the abdomen?
a. horseshoe
b. duplex
c. ectopic
d. ectopic ureterocele
c. ectopic
98
The medical term for painful urination is _____.
a. dysuria
b. anuria
c. micturition
d. exacerbation
a. dysuria
