gastrointestinal tract 1-2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
expectoration - coughing
how can you tell the difference between vomiting and regurgitation?
true or false - that some species cannot vomit, such as horses, rodents and rabbits. These animals have the brainstem nuclei and motor systems necessary for vomiting, but lack the complex synaptic interactions between the nuclei and viscera that is required for a coordinated reflex.
true
The suffix -itis denotes….
inflammation, and various prefixes are used depending on the part of the GI tract affected e.g. gingivitis (gums), stomatitis (mouth), laryngitis (larynx), oesophagitis (oesophagus), rumenitis/reticulitis/omasitis/abomasitis/gastritis (forestomachs/stomach), enteritis (intestine), pancreatitis (pancreas), typhlitis (caecum), colitis (colon). Combinations of these words are also often used, such as gingivostomatitis and gastroenteritis.
Atrophy and hypoplasia refer to…
organs or tissues that are smaller than normal
what is the difference between metaplasia and hyperplasia?
metaplasia - the transformation of one cell type into another
hyperplasia - the enlargement of an organ due to an increase in the number of cells
what is atresia?
the absence or closure of a lumen (eg lambs with no bumhole)
what does stenosis mean?
narrowing
What is the difference between atrophy and hypoplasia?
atrophy - an organ or tissue that has “shrunk” after reaching normal size
hypoplasia - an organ or tissue that has failed to grow to normal size in the first place
The entire length gastrointestinal tract is lined by epithelium. what is the difference between erosion and ulceration?
erosion - when the epithelium is damaged but not all the layers are lost
ulceration - when all the epithelial layers are damaged down to the basement membrane
what is stomatitis?
generalised inflammation of the mouth, not stomach lol
*see alpaca mouth in picture
Diarrhoea: Diarrhoea is the presence of excess water in faeces - this is classified into small or large bowel diarrhoea. which is which?
a. infrequent passage of large amounts of fluid faeces
b. frequent passage of small amounts of fluid faeces
a. small bowel diarrhoea
b. large bowel diarrhoea
which can be due to increased secretion of fluid, decreased absorption of fluid (due to shortening of villi, reducing the surface area for absorption) or increased permeability of the mucosa?
a. small bowel diarrhoea
b. large bowel diarrhoea
a. small bowel diarrhoea (infrequent passage of large amounts of fluid faeces)
what is melaena?
digested blood from the stomach/proximal GIT in the faeces, has a black and tarry appearance
what is haematochezia?
undigested, bright red blood in the faeces - this will be from the lower GI tract (colon, rectum, or anus)
what is haematemesis?
blood in vomit - normally due to an upper GIT bleed, looks like coffee grounds if blood is digested
what is dysphagia?
Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing, and may be seen with oral, oesophageal or generalised neuromuscular diseases.
which cells form HCL?
chief cells - in the stomach or abomasum respectively
true or false? Continual turnover of epithelium occurs in the intestinal mucosa, with complete replacement of the surface mucosa every 36-48 hours
yup - cells grow at the base and move up the villi (seems very quick to be turning over cells though)
what is gingivitis?
inflammation of the gums
what is stomatitis?
inflammation of the mouth
