radiology (thoracic, 10-11)-

Question 2

what are these four structures called?

Answer 2

1 - nasopharynx
2 - larynx
3 - trachea
4 - oropharynx

Question 3

The trachea bifurcates to form 2 principle bronchi at the carina. identify each

Answer 3

Question 4

are these the left or right lungs?

Answer 4

left - it’s the left cranial lung lobe that splits into two

Question 5

is this the left or right lung?

Answer 5

right - there’s a middle lobe and no division in the cranial lobe (also has an accessory lobe, but hidden)

Question 6

Assign the labels to approximate the location of the different lung lobes

Answer 6

hint - look at the placement of the right caudal and accessory lung lobes

Question 7

the diaphragm has:
- 1 ventral cupula (A cupula refers to a structure that is dome-shaped, like an inverted cup)
- two dorsal crura (fibromuscular bands that arise from the lumbar vertebrae and insert into the central tendon of the diaphragm)
find them :)

Answer 7

caudal view, crus is singlular for crura

Question 8

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Question 9

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Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Name cardiovascular structures B - D:

Answer 12

Question 13

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Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

what is the mediastinum?

Answer 15

The mediastinum can be described as the space between the left and right pleural sacs. It contains many important structures.

Question 16

What structures are in the mediastinum?

Answer 16

mediastinum = space between the left and right lung lobes

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

true or false - the pleura that forms the boundaries between the pleural space and the mediastinum does not always stick to the midline?

Answer 19

true - the cranial and caudal mediastinal reflection

Question 20

what is the cranial mediastinal reflection?

Answer 20

Cranial mediastinal reflection: this occurs because the right cranial lung lobe crosses the midline ventrally

Question 21

what is the caudal mediastinal reflection?

Answer 21

A relatively straight opaque line extending from the apex of the cardiac silhouette towards the gastric fundus.

Question 22

The parietal layer of a serosal membrane covers:
a. the organs
b. the wall of the cavity

Answer 22

b. the wall of the cavity

Question 23

The visceral layer of a serosal membrane covers:
a. the organs
b. the wall of the cavity

Answer 23

a. the organs

Question 24

parietal pleura naming

Answer 24

named off the area it sits on, ribs are costal apparently

Question 25

In a normal patient, what is located between the visceral and parietal pleura?

Answer 25

the pleural space - has a tiny amount of fluid (for lubrication and to maintain surface tension)

Question 26

would you expect to see the pleural space on radiographs of a normal patient?

Answer 26

no - look in the costophrenic recess to assess

Question 27

what is the systematic approach for the thorax?

Answer 27

1. Trachea and lungs 2. Cardiovascular system 3. Mediastinum 4. Pleural space 5. Musculoskeleton 6. Cranial abdomen

Question 28

Answer 28

intrathoracic tracheal angle = 10/15 degrees with thoracic spine

Question 29

What structure is outlined in green on this radiograph?

Answer 29

the trachea - note it sits slightly right of the midline

Question 30

Place arrows to the following lung lobes on the radiograph: Cranial part of left cranial lung lobe. Caudal part of left cranial lung lobe. Left caudal lung lobe. Right caudal lung lobe. Right middle lung lobe. Right cranial lung lobe. Right accessory lung lobe.

Answer 30

right accessory sits across from the midline

Question 31

When taking thoracic radiographs, is it best to take the radiograph on inspiration or expiration and why?

Answer 31

inspiration - the gas opacity of full lungs contrasts better with soft tissue structures eg cardiovascular, pulmonary nodules or masses

Question 32

how can you tell if the views are taken during inspiration or expiration?

Answer 32

inspiration - should be a gap between cardiac silhouette and diaphragm

Question 33

how do you know if the cranial lobar vessels (artery and vein) are normal size?

Answer 33

compared to the narrowest part of rib 4 on lateral (should be smaller).