GDV in Dogs Flashcards
1
Q
GDV:
Gastric Dilatation- Volvulus (GDV)
A
- Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) is a rapidly progressive life-threatening condition of dogs. The condition is commonly associated with large meals and causes the stomach to dilate, because of food and gas, and may get to a point where neither may be expelled. As the stomach begins to dilate and expand, the pressure in the stomach begins to increase. The increased pressure and size of the stomach may have several severe consequences, including:
- prevention of adequate blood return to the heart from the abdomen
- loss of blood flow to the lining of the stomach
- rupture of the stomach wall
- pressure on the diaphragm preventing the lungs from adequately expanding leading to decreased ability to maintain normal breathing
2
Q
Tympanites
A
swelling of the abdomen with air or gas.
3
Q
Intrinsic Factors of GDV
A
- Breed: Great Danes, GSD’s, Irish Setters and standard poodles
- Body size
- thoracoabdominal dimensions
- gastric volume
- gastric position
- gastric ligament laxity
- control of eructation (belching) and pyloric canal function
- Also: Increasing age, thin body condition and fearful or anxious temperament
4
Q
Extrinsic Risk Factors for GDV
A
- postprandial GD
- diet (small number if large meals and rapid speed of eating are likely to play a role)
- accumulation of gastric gas
- many other factors are possible as well
- BUT, in order for GDV to occur, there must be a failure of the gastro-oesophageal and pyloric sphincter function –> thus preventing normal eructation and pyloric outflow
- dilation following volvulus
- volvulus following dilation
5
Q
Volvulus
A
- A volvulus is when a loop of intestine twists around itself and the mesentery that supports it, resulting in a bowel obstruction.
- Symptoms include abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, vomiting, constipation, and bloody stool
6
Q
GDV: pathophysiology
A
- In GDV, the stomach is rotated between 180 and 360 degrees in a clockwise direction due to a gas-distended and twisted stomach
- there are local and systemic effects
7
Q
Local Effects: GDV
A
- local effects of GDV concern the stomach and the spleen
- GDV compromises the blood supply to the gastric wall
8
Q
Definition: GDV
A
- Gross gaseous distention of the stomach with the rotation of the stomach around the long axis of the oesophagus
- pylorus will then sit on the left hand side of oesophagus
9
Q
what do you need?
A
dilatation and volvulus
-varies in what is first
10
Q
Effects of GDV on the body
A
- can get twisting of splenic vessels and spleen–> death of spleen
- can get excessive triggering of coagulation through the system: DIC
- all these things will lead to death of the animal if not treated
11
Q
Rapid Breathing…
A
- could be a possibility of collapse of one of the vital systems
12
Q
IV fluids
A
- any idication of GDV should be treated with IV fluids by placing catheters as many come in hypovolemic
- If they are extremely sick and have labored breathing, need to stabilize them! - need to keep them from overcompensating and dying from shock
13
Q
ER treatment of Hypovolemia
A
- place in cephalic veins (both)
- the siphonous (sp?) would not work as it will go right into the vena cava
- We need to give fluid and continually assess the patient as you need to be aware of how much needs to be given to reach the goal
14
Q
Which radiographic sign is diagnostic for GDV?
(right lateral radiograph)
A
- will see gas filled pylorus
- what sits right behind the diaphragm is the liver
- stomach will be dilated with air
- Division of the stomach into 2 compartments by a soft tissue band
- Often large dogs, so radiographs get cut off
15
Q
Treatment: Orogastric tube
A
- empty the stomach by gravity
- measure from nose back to costal arch
- use a piece of tape to mark stomach tube
- after fluid correction of hypovolemic shock, gives some slight sedation to bring down anxiety
- to prevent biting down, put tape around mouth to hold around tube
