Gen Chemistry 1 (complete) Flashcards
(77 cards)
A student introduces a particle of unknown identity between two oppositely-charged electrodes and notes that it accelerates toward one of the two electrodes. The particle could be any of the following, EXCEPT a(n):
A) anion B) cation C) neutron D) proton
explain the answer
C neutron
in order for acceleration to happen there needs to be a charge, so the only one that would not have a charge would be a neutron
catalyst is?
any substance that increases reaction rate by decreasing activation energy
covalent bonds are formed between _____
nonmetals; they share electrons
explain what happens to energy when a bond is formed and broken
energy is required when you need to break a bond
energy is released when you need to form a bond
how do reactions caused by collisions work
reactants must collide with enough energy to overcome the activiation energy
reactants must be in the correct spatial orientation
in an anion, what is more; a proton or electron?
electron
ionic bonds are formed between ______
a metal and nonmetal
Keq=
([products]^x)/([reactants]^y)
Metals are (Larger/smaller) atoms with (loosely/tightly) held electrons
Nonmetals are (Larger/smaller) atoms with (loosely/tightly) held electrons
metals are larger atoms with loosely held electrons
nonmetals are smaller atoms with tightly held electrons
Metals form _____. Non metals form ______
cation; anion
Neutron + positron=
proton
Proton + Electron =
neutron
reaction quotient
Q>K, the reaction is left/reactants
Q<K, the reaction is right/products
types of decay
alpha decay
beta decay
electron capture
positron emission
gamma emission
alpha: loss of one He nucleus (z-2)
beta: neutron is changed into proton (z+1)
electron: proton is changed into neutron (z-1)
positron: proton is changed into neutron (SEPARATE FROM BETA DECAY) (neutron + positron)
gamma: the rays are emitted as a byproduct of the types of decay
what do collisions cause
reactions
what is an atom with fewer electrons that protons
cation
what is an isotope and do they have odd or even numbers?
multiple versions of the same atom, but they have a different amount of neutrons; they do not all have odd numbers, but many do
do isotopes have the same number of protons and neutrons
same number of protons but different number of neutrons
what is kinetics
study of reaction rate; aka how quickly the reaction proceeds
what is Le Chatelier’s Principle?
systems already at equilibrium, that experience change, will shift to the left or to the right to reduce the effects of that change and re-establish equilibrium
when it comes to heat of combustion, how does energy play a role in it?
the higher the energy (meaning it is less stable), the higher the heat of combustion
when it comes to size, is a cation bigger or smaller than the neutral counterpart? how about an anion?
Cations are smaller than their neutral counterpart and anions are larger than their neutral counterpart.
on the periodic table, how does electronegativity work? how about size
everything goes to F for electronegativity (the more right and up you, the higher the electronegativity)
the opposite for size (the more right and up you, the smaller the size)
what is the equation for the maximum number of electron in terms of n
how about the equation for maximum number of electrons in subshell
n=2n^2
4/+2
