GEN. ED. SCIENCE - SET 1 Flashcards
(183 cards)
1
Q
series of steps by which energy is obtained,
used, and transferred
A
ENERGY PYRAMID
2
Q
linear sequence of organisms, less flexible, follows a single path, disruption can have large impact
A
FOOD CHAIN
3
Q
complex network of interconnected food chains, shows multiple feeding relationships, more flexible, alternative food sources
A
FOOD WEB
4
Q
long term atmospheric condition characterized by temperature, humidity, and precipitation
A
CLIMATE
5
Q
short term state of atmosphere, can change within minutes or hours
A
WEATHER
6
Q
science that studies weather
A
METEOROLOGY
7
Q
science that studies climate
A
CLIMATOLOGY
8
Q
phenomenon where the Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth, casting a shadow on Earth
A
SOLAR ECLIPSE
9
Q
the Earth passes directly between the Sun and the Moon, casting its shadow on the Moon
A
LUNAR ECLIPSE
10
Q
darkest, central part of a shadow, the light source is completely blocked by the object casting the shadow
A
UMBRA
11
Q
lighter, outer part of a shadow, light source is only partially blocked by the object casting the shadow
A
PENUMBRA
12
Q
during photosynthesis, plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in the form of:
A
GLUCOSE
13
Q
chemical equation of photosynthesis
A
6CO2 + 6H2O - C6H12O6 + 6O2
14
Q
process by which species of organisms develop and diversify over time
A
EVOLUTION
15
Q
a type of evolution where organisms with very different ancestors become more alike due to a common environment
A
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION
16
Q
a type of evolution that happens when two species each evolve in response to each other over a long period of time, which leads to close relationship
A
COEVOLUTION
17
Q
a type of evolution in which closely related species evolve to become more different over time
A
DIVERGENT EVOLUTION
18
Q
pH level less than 7; tastes sour, react with some metals to give off hydrogen gas, conduct electricity in solution
A
ACID/ACIDIC
19
Q
pH level greater than 7; tastes bitter, feel slippery, dissolve fats and oils
A
BASE/BASIC
20
Q
fusion of a sperm cell and an egg cell in sexual reproduction, also known as conception; happens in the fallopian tube near the ovary
A
FERTILIZATION
21
Q
release of a mature egg from the ovary for possible fertilization; happens in the fallopian tube
A
OVULATION
22
Q
attachment of the fertilized egg, or blastocyst, in the uterine wall
A
IMPLANTATION
23
Q
smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties
A
ATOM
24
Q
consist of one type of atom, diatomic __________ have two of the same atom in their molecules
A
ELEMENTS
25
consist of more than one type of atom, chemically bound
COMPOUND
26
state of matter that has high density, no compressibility, low molecular motion, fixed shaped, and fixed volume
SOLID
27
state of matter that has intermediate density, low compressibility, intermediate molecular motion, no fixed shaped, but fixed volume
LIQUID
28
state of matter that has low density, high compressibility, high molecular motion, no fixed shaped, and no fixed volume
GAS
29
apparent outward force felt by an object moving in a circular path, observed from a rotating reference frame
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
30
force acting on a body moving in a curved path that is directed toward the center of rotation
CENTRIPETAL FORCE
31
macronutrient required for the building and repair of tissues
PROTEIN
32
macromolecule that serves as short term energy storage, and structural component in plants (cell wall)
CARBOHYDRATE
33
macromolecule that serves as long term energy storage, and for insulation and protection
LIPID
34
macromolecule that serves as enzyme catalyst, maintains cell structure, and for cell signaling and recognition
PROTEIN
35
macromolecule that holds genetic information and instructions for making proteins
NUCLEIC ACID
36
primary function of white blood cells in the immune system
DEFENSE AGAINST PATHOGENS
37
type of WBC that kills bacteria, fungi, and foreign debris
NEUTROPHILS
38
type of WBC that cleans up damaged cells
MONOCYTE
39
type of WBC that kills parasites, cancer cells and is key player in regulation and dampening in allergic response
EOSINOPHILS
40
type of WBC that helps fight viruses and make antibiotics
LYMPHOCYTE
41
type of WBC that is key player in initiating and driving allergic responses
BASOPHIL
42
layer of the atmosphere which contains the ozone later that helps on the absorption of harmful UV radiation
STRATOSPHERE
43
layer of the atmosphere where auroras are found
THERMOSPHERE
44
layer of the atmosphere where meteors can be seen
MESOSPHERE
45
layer of the atmosphere where the space station can be located
EXOSPHERE
46
force that makes the different celestial bodies in the universe to stick together
GRAVITY
47
process of breaking down of rocks, minerals, and man-made structures
WEATHERING
48
type of weathering where temperature and pressure break rocks without changing mineral composition; example is the Arches National Park
MECHANICAL WEATHERING
49
type of weathering where chemical reactions change the composition of minerals; example is Appalachian Mountains
CHEMICAL WEATHERING
50
proponent of Continental Drift Theory
ALFRED WEGENER
51
proponent of BIG BANG THEORY
GEORGE LEMAITRE
52
Earth’s seasons are caused by
TILTING OF EARTH WHILE ROTATING
53
a scale measures magnitude or energy release by an earthquake, uses seismograph as instrument, uses Arabic values, and an open-ended scale
RICHTER SCALE
54
a scale that measures intensity or amount of destructions, uses Roman numerals, and a closed scale
MERCALLI
55
It is called the moving air
WIND
56
air moving up or down (vertical) is called
CURRENT
57
the boundary between two air masses with different temperatures and densities
FRONT
58
a front that moves in a such a way that colder air replaces warmer air
COLD FRONT
59
a front that moves in a such a way that warmer air replaces colder air
WARM FRONT
60
a front that is stationary or nearly so
STATIONARY FRONT
61
a composite of two fronts as a cold front overtakes a warm front or stationary front
OCCLUDED FRONT
62
a type of storm located in the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific Ocean
HURRICANE
63
a type of storm located in Northwest Pacific
TYPHOON
64
a type of storm located in South Pacific and Indian Ocean
CYCLONE
65
66
an icy body that releases gases as it orbits the Sun
COMET
67
a rocky body smaller that a planet that orbits the Sun
Asteroid
68
a rocky or metallic fragment of an asteroid, comet, or planet
METEOROID
69
meteor fragment that reaches/hits the ground
METEORITE
70
a streak of light seen when a meteoroid heats up in the atmosphere
METEOR
71
type of galaxy where the Milky Way belongs to
BARRED SPIRAL GALAXY
72
glucose + fructose
SUCROSE
73
galactose + glucose
LACTOSE
74
glucose + glucose
MALTOSE
75
cell wall of fungi
CHITIN
76
cell wall of bacteria
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
77
function of spores of fungi
PROLIFERATION (sexual/asexual)
78
function of spores of bacteria
SURVIVAL
79
process by which radiation from a planet’s atmosphere warms the planet’s surface to a temperature above what it would be without this atmosphere
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
80
positively charged ion, more protons than electrons
CATION
81
negatively charged ion, more electrons than protons
ANION
82
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
If two thermodynamic systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
83
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy can be transformed from one form to another or transferred between a system and its surroundings, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
84
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy of an isolated system always increases, heat flows from hot to cold
85
Third Law of Thermodynamics
As the temperature of a perfect crystal approaches absolute zero (0 Kelvin), the entropy approaches a minimum or zero value.
86
transfer of heat through direct contact and molecular collisions within a substance
CONDUCTION
87
transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) due to differences in density
CONVECTION
88
transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves and does not require a medium
RADIATION
89
five kingdoms
MONERA, PROTISTA, FUNGI, PLANTAE, ANIMALIA
90
flow of central dogma
DNA - RNA - PROTEIN
91
organisms that produces its own food
AUTOTROPH
92
organisms that do not make their own food
HETEROTROPH
93
Earth as the center of the universe, with all other celestial bodies
GEOCENTRIC
94
Sun as the center of our solar system, with the Earth and other planets orbiting it
HELIOCENTRIC
95
Polish astronomer, who proposed that the sun, not the Earth, was at the center of the universe (heliocentrism)
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
96
lowest rank of coal and is otherwise called brown coal
LIGNITE
97
arrangement of coal from lowest to highest
LIGNITE, SUB-BITUMINOUS, BITUMINOUS, ANTHRACITE
98
indicator is commonly used in acid-base titrations
PHENOLPHTHALEIN
99
atmospheric component serves as the primary carbon source for the light-dependent reactions within a plant's chloroplasts
CARBON DIOXIDE
100
period of dormancy during hot and dry conditions
AESTIVATION
101
a vitamin for better eyesight, improves immune system, promotes healthy skin, healthy growth of muscle tissues, and healthy reproductive system
VITAMIN A
102
diverse form of vitamin, maintain nerve cell function, produces RBCs, synthesize fats and carbs, produces cholesterol and diff. kinds of hormones, and aids in DNA replication
VITAMIN B
103
an anti-oxidant, heals injuries by producing collagen, formation of iron
VITAMIN C
104
obtained from sunlight, helps in the growth of bone tissues by absorbing calcium
VITAMIN D
105
type of anti-oxidant, helps body to produce defense against diseases, also known as tocopherol
VITAMIN E
106
helps in blood coagulation, found in leafy and green vegetables
VITAMIN K
107
primary composition of the Sun’s core
HYDROGEN (H) AND HELIUM (He)
108
SDG 1
NO POVERTY
109
SDG 2
ZERO HUNGER
110
SDG 3
GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
111
SDG 4
QUALITY EDUCATION
112
SDG 5
GENDER EQUALITY
113
SDG 6
CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION
114
SDG 7
AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY
115
SDG 8
DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
116
SDG 9
INDUSTRY, INNOVATION, AND INFRASTRUCTURE
117
SDG 10
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES
118
SDG 12
RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
119
SDG 13
CLIMATE ACTION
120
SDG 14
LIFE BELOW WATER
121
SDG 15
LIFE ON LAND
122
SDG 16
PEACE, JUSTICE, AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS
123
SDG 17
PARTNERSHIP FOR THE GOALS
124
a resource that can be used repeatedly and does not run out because it is naturally replaced
RENEWABLE
125
a natural substance that is not replenished with the speed at which it is consumed
NONRENEWABLE
126
biological process ensures a stable internal environment despite external changes
HOMEOSTASIS
127
two different species living in close physical proximity and interacting with each other
SYMBIOSIS
128
occurs when two or more species require the same limited resource, such as food, water, space, light, or mates; this interaction negatively affects both species because the presence of the other reduces the availability of the resource for each
COMPETITION
129
an interaction where one organism hunts and kills another organism for food
PREDATION
130
relationship where both species benefit from the interaction
MUTUALISM
131
relationship where one species benefits, and the other is neither harmed nor helped
COMMENSALISM
132
relationship where one species benefits at the expense of the other, which is harmed
PARASITISM
133
a specific type of interaction where an herbivore (an animal) feeds on a producer (a plant); This interaction benefits the herbivore and harms the plant
HERBIVORY
134
a relationship where one species is negatively affected, while the other is unaffected; a classic example is the production of penicillin by Penicillium mold, which inhibits the growth of certain bacteria
AMMENSALISM
135
half of the celestial sphere is called _________
HEMISPHERE
136
primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell
PACKAGING AND SECRETION OF CELLULAR PRODUCTS
137
geological process is primarily responsible for the formation of metamorphic rocks
HEAT AND PRESSURE CHANGES
138
it lowers activation energy in a chemical reaction
CATALYST
139
breaking down glucose to produce ATP, CO2, and H2O
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
140
structure in the human brain is primarily responsible for maintaining balance and coordination
CEREBELLUM
141
structure in the human brain is primarily responsible for thinking and voluntary movements
CEREBRUM
142
structure in the human brain is primarily responsible for regulation of body temperature and hunger
HYPOTHALAMUS
143
structure in the human brain is primarily responsible for control of breathing and heartbeat
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
144
electromagnetic wave that has the most energy
GAMMA RAYS
145
arrangement of electromagnetic waves from lowest to highest energy
RADIOWAVES, MICROWAVES, INFRARED, VISIBLE LIGHT, UV RAYS, X-RAYS, GAMMA RAYS
146
responsible for transmitting signals between neurons
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
147
the cell shrinks and wrinkles
HYPERTONIC
148
the cell swells up and bursts
HYPOTONIC
149
functioning cell of normal size
ISOTONIC
150
organelles of both plant and animal cells where aerobic respiration take place
MITOCHONDRIA
151
part of the flower develops into fruits
OVARY
152
group of interacting plants, animals, and humans in a particular ecological area
COMMUNITY
153
tissue in plants that transport of water and minerals
XYLEM
154
Study of function of the structure of living organisms
PHYSIOLOGY
155
Study of cells
CYTOLOGY
156
Study of tissue
HISTOLOGY
157
Study of plants
BOTANY
158
Study of animals
ZOOLOGY
159
Study of animal behavior
ETHOLOGY
160
Study of genes and heredity
GENETICS
161
Study of organisms and their environment
ECOLOGY
162
Study of the structure of organisms
ANATOMY
163
Study of Fungi
MYCOLOGY
164
Study of Birds
ORNITHOLOGY
165
Study of Fish
ICHTHYOLOGY
166
Largest organ
SKIN
167
Largest internal organ
LIVER
168
Smallest bone
STAPES
169
Pumping organ
HEART
170
Control center of the body
BRAIN
171
Secretes insulin & glucagon
PANCREAS
172
most common element in the human body
OXYGEN
173
term used for the different forms of a gene
ALLELES
174
allele expressed even if it is paired with a recessive one
DOMINANT
175
allele only visible when paired with another __________ allele
RECESSIVE
176
fight or flight; produced in stressful situations, increases heart rate and blood flow that leads to physical boost and heightened awareness
ADRENALINE
177
concentration; affects attention and responding actions in the brain, contracts blood vessels increasing blood flow
NORADRENALINE
178
pleasure; feelings of pleasure, also addiction, movement and motivation, people repeat behaviors that leads to __________ release
DOPAMINE
179
mood; contributes to well-being and happiness, helps in sleeps cycle and digestive system regulation, affected by exercise and light exposure
SEROTONIN
180
GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)
calming; calms firing nerves in CNS, high levels improve focus, low levels cause anxiety; contributes to motor control and vision
181
learning; involved in thought, learning, and memory; activates muscle action in the body; associated with attention and awakening
ACETYLCHOLINE
182
memory; most common neurotransmitter; involved in learning and memory, regulates development and creation of nerve contacts
GLUTAMATE
183
euphoria; released during exercise, excitement, and sex; producing well-being and euphoria, reducing pain
ENDORPHINS
