gen2

Question 1

Mendelian pea plants

Answer 1

1. easy to grow & breed
2. self-fertilized
3. easy to cross breed and propagate

Question 2

Mendel’s postulate of inheritance

Answer 2

genetic characteristics are controlled by unit factors existing in pairs in individual organisms.

Question 3

Mendel’s 2nd postulate of inheritance

Answer 3

when 2 unlike unit factors responsible for a single characteristic are present in an individual, 1 unit factor is said to be dominant to the other, which is said to be recessive.

Question 4

Mendel’s 3rd postulate of inheritance

Answer 4

When gametes form, the paired unit factors separate, or segregate randomly so that each gamete receives 1 or the other with equal likelihood.

Question 5

Genes

Answer 5

mendel’s unit factors, a unit of heredity that can be passed from parent to offspring and produce a given trait.

Question 6

Alleles

Answer 6

Variations of a given gene

Question 7

There are ___ alleles for every trait

Answer 7

2

Question 8

A punnet square for an unknown phenotype

Answer 8

2 punnet squares

Question 9

Dihybrid cross

Answer 9

looks at 2 traits at once

Question 10

True breeding

Answer 10

They are homozygous for their trait

Question 11

Mendel’s 4th postulate

Answer 11

During gamete formation, segregating pairs of genes, assort independently of each other

Question 12

product law of possibility

Answer 12

the probability of 2 or more independent events occurring simultaneously is equal to the product of their individual probability.

Question 13

Wild type

Answer 13

The most commonly produced phenotype in a population

Question 14

Neutral/ silent mutation

Answer 14

protein/ DNA gets mutated but nothing happens

Question 15

loss of function mutation

Answer 15

• gene product may be diminished
• confirmation of a certain protein may be completely changed so that it cannot function
• the gene product may not be produced at all

Question 16

Gain of function mutation

Answer 16

gene is turned on all the time. Never turns off

Question 17

threshold effect

Answer 17

A minimum of gene product is needed to meet a normal phenotypic expression

Question 18

Incomplete dominance

Answer 18

Shows a mixture of genes and phenotypes
- neither trait is truly dominant

Question 19

Tay- Sachs disease

Answer 19

No activity in hexosaminidase A, resulting in abnormal lipid storage that slowly destroys the brain and spinal cord cells.

Question 20

Homozygous dominant

Answer 20

100% of enzyme produced, okay

Question 21

Homozygous recessive

Answer 21

0% of enzyme produced, diseased

Question 22

Heterozygous

Answer 22

50% of enzyme produced, okay

Question 23

Factor 5 leiden

Answer 23

a liver enzyme responsible for the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin (needed for blood clotting)

Question 24

Homozygous for factor 5

Answer 24

disproportionate risk of deep thrombolytic events and pulmonary clots

Question 25

Heterozygous for factor 5

Answer 25

Huge array of phenotypes

Question 26

codominance

Answer 26

2 alleles of a certain gene can produce 2 distant and independent gene products. Both alleles are fully expressed

Question 27

Monohybrid cross

Answer 27

occurs when 2 pure individual parental strains are mated that contrast only in the trait that is being observed. 1 trait at a time.

Question 28

Gene interaction

Answer 28

where a single phenotype is affected by more than a single gene

Question 29

wild type

Answer 29

allele for any given gene that exists most predominantly in a population

Question 30

incomplete/ partial dominance

Answer 30

the phenomenon of an intermediate phenotype of the parental strains

Question 31

Consider the following 4 independent traits in pea plants. Use the product law to predict the likelihood of inheriting 3 dominant traits (tall, yellow, and round) and recessive trait (white).

Answer 31

3 dominant and 1 recessive 3/4* 3/4 * 3/4 * 1/4 = 27/ 256

Question 32

explain why an individual who is heterozygous for a genetic disorder may go for a very long time as a carrier of that disorder without realizing that they have it.

Answer 32

The threshold effect. they will need a certain level of gene activity in order to get a normal phenotype. A low amount of gene product is required to observe that genotypic trait

Question 33

The presence of the ABO antigens on the surface of blood cells is an example of codominance. If a mother is type AB(AB) and the father is type A(AO), what are the possible combos for the child's blood type?

Answer 33

type A(AA or AO) type B(BO) Type AB(AB)

Question 34

A person can only be homozygous or heterozygous for a given gene?

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What is the purpose of a test cross and how is it done?

Answer 35

Used to determine whether a plant that is exhibiting a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous for that trait. The organism with unknown genotype and dominant phenotype is crossed with a known homozygous organism A homozygous individual will yield all dominant phenotypes whereas a heterozygous individual will yield a 1:1 mix of phenotypes.

Question 36

Law of segregation

Answer 36

Each parent contributes only one of their two alleles to each offspring

Question 37

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 37

Genes for different traits assort independently, resulting in various combinations.

Question 38

Homozygous

Answer 38

2 alleles that are the same

Question 39

Traits

Answer 39

Distinguished characteristics of an organism

Question 40

Heterozygous

Answer 40

2 different alleles for a given trait

Question 41

Test cross

Answer 41

An individual that has the dominant phenotype, but unknown genotype is crossed with a known homozygous recessive individual

Question 42

Gene interaction

Answer 42

A single phenotype is affected by more than a single gene.

Question 43

Null allele

Answer 43

The mutation and a gene results in a total loss of the gene function