Ch 4 Exam Flashcards
(370 cards)
1
Q
endocrine system
A
controls the secretions of hormones from several glands located throughout the body
2
Q
glands
A
organs that secrete or release hormones into the bloodstream
3
Q
hormones
A
chemical substances that are released from the glands in small amounts and travel thru the blood to other tissues and organs
4
Q
endocrinology
A
study of the endocrine system
5
Q
endocrinologist
A
physician that dx and treats the conditions of the endocrine system
6
Q
pituitary
A
located in brain
master gland
regulates other endocrine glands
7
Q
pineal
A
located in brain
regulates sleep
8
Q
thyroid
A
located in neck
anterior to trachea
metabolism, growth and development
9
Q
parathyroid
A
located in neck
maintains calcium and phosphate levels
2 pairs superior and interior
10
Q
pancreas
A
located in epigastric area of abdomen
blood glucose regulation
11
Q
adrenals
A
located in abdomen above the kidneys
regulates sodium & potassium, carbs metabolism, sex hormones, and epinephrine secretion in emergencies
2 parts: adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
12
Q
ovaries, testes
A
located in pelvis
male and female secondary sexual characteristics
13
Q
thymus
A
located in mediastinum, in front of heart
regulates the immune system
14
Q
adenohypophsis
A
anterior portion of the pituitary gland
Secretes:
growth hormones
adrenocorticotropin hormone
thyroid-stimulating hormone
follicle-stimulating hormone
prolactin hormone
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
15
Q
growth hormone (GH)
A
regulates the growth and development of the bones, muscles, and to other organs
16
Q
adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
A
regulates the growth of the adrenal cortex
17
Q
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
A
stimulates the growth of the thyroid gland
18
Q
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
A
control sex glands in males and females
19
Q
prolactin hormone
A
stimulates the growth and development of the mammary glands
20
Q
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
A
controls skin pigmentation
21
Q
neurohypophysis
A
posterior portion of the pituitary gland
secretes:
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
oxytocin
22
Q
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
A
regulates the secretion or reabsorption of water in the kidneys
23
Q
oxytocin
A
stimulates the uterus to contract during childbirth and release of milk from the mammary glands
24
Q
thyroid secretes
A
thyroxine (T4)
triiodothyronine (T3)
calcitonon
t4: maintains and regulates the basic metabolic rate of the body
growth and development of the body
and metabolism of nutrients, water, vitamins, and minerals
t3: also regulates the basic metabolic rate
calcitonin: involved in bone and calcium metabolism
25
parathyroid secretes
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
involved in maintaining calcium levels and the metabolism of phosphorus
26
islets of langerhans
cell clusters in pancreas
secrete the hormone insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin
27
insulin
stimulates the cells of the body to take in glucose from the bloodstream for metabolism
28
glucagon
increases the blood glucose level by breaking down glycogen into glucose
29
somatostatin
decreases the production of both insulin and glucagon
30
gastrointestinal mucosa
epithelial lining of the stomach and intestines
secrete several hormones related to digestion
31
gastrin
stimulates the production of gastric acid in the stomach
breaks down food
32
secretin
stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes, bile, and other secretions from the intestines that also are involved in the digestion of food
33
cholecystokinin
controls the gallbladder
34
enterogastrone
regulates secretions from the stomach
35
adrenal glands
adrenal cortex in the outer portion of the adrenal gland
adrenal medulla is the inner portion of the adrenal gland
36
adrenal cortex secretes
glucocorticoids
mineralocorticoids
androgens
37
glucocorticoids
hormones that are involved in carb metabolism
main glucocorticoids are cortisol and corticosterone
38
mineralocorticoids
main one is aldosterone
involved in the regulation of electrolyte and fluid balance
39
androgens
stimulate the development of make characteristics
testosterone and androsterone
40
adrenal medulla secrete
catecholamines
41
catecholamines
involved in nervous system regulation
dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are 3 crucial hormones involved in sympathetic nervous system function
42
reproductive organs are
ovaries
testes
placenta
43
ovaries
produce estrogen and progesterone
2 hormones involved in the regulation of female sex organs
44
testes
produce testosterone
involved in the regulation of male sex organs
45
placenta
produced during pregnancy
secretes hormones involved in the growth and development of the fetus
46
thymus secretes
hormones involved in the function of the immune system.
thymosin and thymopoietin
47
acr/o
extremity, point
48
aden/o
gland
49
adren/o, adrenal/o
adrenal gland
50
crin/o
to secrete
51
gluc/o
sweet, sugar, glucose
52
hirsut/o
hairy
53
hydr/o
water
54
myx/o
mucus
55
pancreat/o
pancreas
56
parathyroid/o
parathyroid gland
57
pituitar/o
pituitary gland
58
thym/o
thymus
59
thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland
60
toxic/o
poison
61
acromegaly
marked enlargement of the bones of the face, jaw, and extremeties
62
adenoma
tumor of the gland
63
albuminuria
protein in the urine
64
endocrinologist
physician who specializes in the endocrine system
65
euthyroid
normal activity of the thyroid gland
66
exocrine
pertains to a gland that secretes into ducts
67
exophthalmic
an abnormal condition where the eyeballs protrude
68
gigantism
pathologic condition of being abnormally large
69
glandular
pertaining to a gland
70
glycosuria
glucose in the urine
71
hirsutism
abnormal condition w/ excessive growth of hair
72
hypergonadism
excessive secretion of the sex glands
73
hypogonadism
deficient secretion of the sex glands
74
hypoparathyroidism
condition where the parathyroid gland secretions are deficient
75
ketonuria
urinary excretions of ketones
76
myxedema
condition of mucus swelling
results from severe hypothyroidism and w/o treatment can result in coma and death
77
polydipsia
condition of excessive thirst
78
polyphagia
condition of excessive eating
79
polyuria
excessive urination
80
thyroidectomy
surgical excision of the thyroid gland
81
thyroiditis
inflammation of the thyroid gland
82
thyrotoxicosis
condition of toxic over secretions of hormones from the thyroid gland
83
bg
blood glucose
84
bmr
basal metabolic rate
85
di
diabetes insipidus
86
dm
diabetes mellitus
87
fbs
fasting blood sugar
88
gtt
glucose tolerance test
89
hrt
hormone replacement therapy
90
iddm
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
91
niddm
non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus
92
tft
thyroid function test
93
hypersecretion
too much hormone produced
94
hyposecretion
too little hormone produced
95
cushings disease
condition that develops when the adrenal cortex produces too much of the hormone cortisol
96
diabetes mellitus
disease w/ abnormal glucose metabolism.
insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps with the entry of glucose into the cells of the body for metabolism or energy
97
diabetic ketoacidosis
condition where the body is using fat as its main source of fuel rather than carbs
98
hyperthyroidism
condition where there is an excess of thyroid hormone secreted by the thyroid gland
99
graves disease
autoimmune disease where antibodies stimulate the thyroid to produce too much t4
can also cause toxic multinodular goiter, thyroiditis, and benign or malignant tumors
100
toxic multinodular goiter
an enlargement of the thyroid gland that then produces too much thyroid hormone
101
hyperthyroidism symptoms
hyperactivity, nervousness, irritability, sweating, palpitations, weight loss, diarrhea, and easy fatigue
102
hypothyroidism
a deficiency of thyroid hormone
commonly caused by an autoimmune disease called hashimotos thyroiditis
symptoms:
result of basal metabolic rate slowing down
feeling tired and weak, dry skin, feeling cold, hair loss, weight gain, and dyspnea
103
nervous system
responsible for coordinating all of the activities of the body
receives info from sensory receptors located throughout the body and then uses that info to coordinate the activities of the muscles, organs, and glands to maintain homeostasis
104
neurology
study of the nervous system
105
neurologist
physician that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of the medical conditions of the nervous system
106
neurosurgeon
physician that can operate on the organs of the nervous system
107
central nervous system
spinal cord and brain
protected by the skull and vertebrae of the skeletal system and by 3 tissue membranes (meninges)
108
3 meninges
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
109
cerebrospinal fluid
surround the brain and spinal cord
produced by the ventricles in the brain
110
cerebrum
largest part of the brain
contains the nerve centers that control all sensory and motor activity, memories, consciousness, emotions, and voluntary movements
111
cerebellum
helps to coordinate sensory perception and motor output
112
diencephalon
consist of the thalamus and hypothalamus
113
thalamus
relay center for incoming sensory and motor impulses
sends messages onto the cerebrum
114
hypothalamus
regulates the autonomic nervous system
part of the nervous system that controls involuntary body functions and serves as the connection b/w the endocrine- nervous system
115
brain stem
lower part of the brain that connects the spinal cord w/ the cerebellum and the cerebrum
3 parts: pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata
controls breathing, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, heartbeat, and BP
116
spinal cord
extends from the brain stem down to the lumbar vertebrae
conducts sensory impulses from the peripheral nervous system to the brain and motor impulses from the brain to the spinal nerves.
117
peripheral nervous system
contains the nerves that come from the brain and the spinal cord that innervate the rest of the body
118
cranial nerves
nerves that originate in the brain
12 pairs attached to the brain and innervate the senses, motor movements of the head, shoulders, swallowing, breathing, speech, and the muscles of the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
119
spinal nerves
originate in the spinal cord
have a sensory and motor component
branch out into smaller and smaller nerves that innervate the entire body
contains 2 roots:
dorsal root/ ventral root
120
dorsal root
carries the sensory input to the spinal cord to be sent to the brain
121
ventral root
carries the motor output to the muscles and the organs
122
autonomic nervous system
section of the PNS that controls the involuntary functions of the body such as sweating, gland secretion, BP, smooth muscles of organs, and the heart.
2 divisions:
parasympathetic branch/ sympathetic branch
123
parasympathetic branch
regulates the daily functioning of the body and maintains homeostasis
124
sympathetic branch
activated in emergency sitations
creates a flight or fight response to stress
125
alges/o
pain
126
cephal/o
head
127
cerebr/o
cerebrum
128
encephala/o
brain
129
esthesi/o
sensation
130
hypn/o
sleep
131
lob/o
lobe
132
lumb/o
low back
133
mening/o
meninges
134
myel/o
bone marrow/ spinal cord
135
neuro/o
nerve
136
papill/o
papilla
137
radicul/o
nerve root
138
scler/o
hardening
139
spin/o
spine
140
ventricul/o
ventricle
141
akinesia
loss of or lack of voluntary motion
142
amnesia
condition in which there is a loss or lack of memory
143
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
muscular weakness and atrophy, with spasticity due to degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord
aka lou gehrigs disease
144
analgesia
a lack of sensation of pain
145
anesthesia
temporary condition, induced by meds, w/ a lack of feeling, pain, and responsivness
146
anesthesiologist
physician that specializes in the study of anesthesia
147
aphagia
lack of the ability to swallow
148
aphasia
lack of the ability to speak due to a brain lesion or injury
149
apraxia
lack of the ability to use objects properly or recognize common objects
150
asthenia
lack of strength
151
bradykinesia
abnormal slowness of movement
152
cerebellar
pertaining to the cerebellum
153
cerebral palsy
medical disorder where damage to the motor control centers of the brain causes motor dysfunction
154
chorea
abnormal involuntary movement causing rapid, jerking movements of the face or extremitiies
155
coma
unconscious state from which the patient cannot be arounsed
156
concussion
head injury w/ a temporary loss of brain function
157
craniectomy
surgical excision of a portion of the skull
158
craniotomy
surgical incision into the skull
159
discectomy
surgical excision of an intervertebral disk
160
dyslexia
difficulty reading and writing words
161
dysphasia
lack of the ability to speak due to a brain lesion or injury
162
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
163
encephalopathy
pathological dysfunction of the brain
164
epidural
injection of meds into the space above the dura mater as a means of pain control
165
guillain barre syndrome
self limiting conditon where the myelin sheaths covering the peripheral nerves are destroyed
resulting in muscular weakness starting in the periphery and moving proximally
166
hemiparesis
weakness on 1 side of the body
167
hemiplegia
paralysis on one half of the body
168
herniated disc syndrome
compression of the spinal nerve by herniation of the central nervous portion of an intervertebral disk
169
hydrocephalus
literally water in the head
condition where there is an increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid
170
hyperalgesia
extreme sensitivity to painful stimuli
171
hyperkinesia
increased muscle movement
172
intracranial
pertaining to w/n the skull
173
laminectomy
surgical excision of the posterior arch of a vertabrae
174
lobotomy
surgical incision into the frontal lobe of the cerebellum
175
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges of the spinal cord or brain
176
meningocele
congenital hernia or saclike protrusion of the meninges thru a defect in the spine or skull
177
myelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord
178
narcolepsy
sleep disorder where recurrent episodes of uncontrollable drowsiness or sleep occur during the day
179
neuralgia
pain in a nerve or nerves
180
neuritis
inflammation of a nerve
181
neuropathy
any disorder affecting the nervous system
182
neurotransmitter
chemical substance that carries nerve impulses b/w nerve cells
183
palsy or paralysis
loss of power or voluntary movements and/ or sensation in a muscle due to injury or disease of the nerve supply
184
papilledema
swelling of the optic disk in the eye
caused by an increased pressure w/in the cranium
185
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower exremities
186
paresis
slight, partial or incomplete paralysis
187
paresthesia
abnormal sensation, numbness, or tingling
188
polyneuritis
inflammation of many nerves
189
quadriplegia
paralysis of all 4 extremities due to injury to the spinal cord
190
sciatica
severe pain along the course of the sciatic nerve
191
spondylosyndesis
surgical procedure to fuse vertebrae after removal of the intervertebral disk
192
subdural
pertaining to below the dura mater, one of the meninges that cover the brain
193
syncope
temporary loss of consciousness
fainting
194
tactile
pertaining to the senses of touch
195
ad
Alzheimer disease
196
adl
activities of daily living
197
cp
cerebral palsy
198
csf
cerebrospinal fluid
199
cva
cerebrovascular accident
200
eeg
electroencephalogram
201
gcs
glasgow coma scale
202
icp
intracranial presssure
203
Lp
lumbar puncture
204
ms
multiple sclerosis
205
pd
parkinsons disease
206
tbi
traumatic brain injury
207
dementia
progressive deterioration of a patients cognitive abilities and memories that then impairs the performance of adl's, thinking, reasoning, and remembering
208
most common cause of dementia
alzheimers dementia, ad, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and parkinsons disease
209
mini mental state exam, mmse
screening tool used to help w/ the diagnosis of dementia
assesses the patient's memory, orientation, language comprehension, naming and copying
210
brain tumor
can be seen on images of the brain w/ ct scan, pet scan, or mri
211
neuroma
tumor of the nerve cells and nerve fibers
212
astrocytoma
tumor of the brain that is made up of astrocytes
most common type of primary brain tumor
213
oligodendroglioma
a malignant tumor of the nervous system located in the cns
214
meningioma
benign tumor of the meninges and can be cured by surgical removal
215
cerebrovascular accidents, cva
occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted
216
strokes
can be hemorrhagic or schemic
217
hemorrhagic stroke
occurs when the blood vessels in the brain rupture
218
ischemic strokes
occur when blood clots block the flow of blood to the brain
these blood clots are either embolism or a thrombosis
219
embolism
clot that travels to the brain from another area of the body
220
aneurysm
weakness in the blood vessel wall that is at risk for hemorrhage
221
infarct
area of tissue damage or death due to lack of blood supply
222
seizure
episodes where there is sudden, abnormal, and excessive activity of the cns leading to changes in attention and/ or behavior that the patient is unable to contol
223
epilepsy
chronic disorder where the patient experiences recurrent seizures
224
multiple sclerosis, ms
chronic disease of the cns that commonly caused by the immune system
characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and then scarring of the nerves
225
parkinsons disease
disorder where the nerve cells that control movement begin to deteriorate
decreases amt of dopamine: a neurotransmitter that carries impulses from 1 neuron to another
226
symptoms of pd
tremor of extremities at rest, bradykinesia, akinesia, rigid limbs, shuffling gait, and a stooped posture.
tremor starts on 1 side of the body then progresses to the other side
227
deep brain stimulation
surgical procedure used to treat symptoms of pd when meds are no longer effective.
a planted device that delivers electronic stimulation of the areas of the brain that control movement
228
special senses
divisions of the nervous system that have specialized organs that are devoted to that sense.
organs include ears, eyes, nose and tongue
229
opthalmology
study of the eye and vison
230
optemetry
area of medicine that assesses the eye to detect vision problems
231
optometrist
prescribes corrective eyewear
232
otorhinolaryngology
study of the ears, nose and throat
ent
233
audiology
study of hearing
234
audiologist
assess a patients hearing and can prescribe hearing aids
235
ear
organ dedicated to detecting sound and maintaining balance
outer ear
middle ear
inner ear
236
outer ear
functions to detect sound and then funnel that sound to the inner structures of the ear.
consist of the auricle or pinna and the external acoustic meatus or auditory canal
outer ear ends at the tympanic membrane
237
middle ear
air filled cavitiy in the temporal bone of the skull
contains 3 small bones or ossicles that are involved in hearing, namely the malleus incus and stapes
238
inner ear
starts w/ oval window
contains the cochlea
vestibule
semicircular canals
239
cochlea
has sensory receptors that sense hearing and tranmits that info to the brain via the cochlear nearve
240
vestibule and semicircular canals
detect the body's equilibrium, balance and position
241
eye
organ that is dedicated to the sense of sight
242
external structures
orbit
eyelids
muscles of the eye
conjunctiva
lacrimal apparatus
243
orbit
cavity in skull that contains eyeballs
244
eyelids
thin coverings that protect the eyeball from intense light and foreign objects and keeps the eyeball moist
245
conjunctiva
mucus membrane on the inside of the eyelid and covers the eyeball
246
lacrimal apparatus
produces, stores, and removes the tears that lubricate and cleanse the eye
247
eyeball
contains the sclera
cornea
pupil
lens
ciliary body
choroid
vitreous body
retina
work together to allow light to pass thru to the retina where sensory receptors transmit that info to the brain via the optic nerve to detect vision
248
rods and cones
photoreceptor cells
rods detect dim light, used for night vision
nones detect bright light, used for color vision
249
nose
accessory organ of the respiratory system
external contains nares: allow air to enter the nasal cavity and internal section
250
internal section
divided by the nasal septum
halves contain 3 air passages that lead to the pharynx
251
cillia
receptor cells in the mucus membrane that detect molecules in the air associated w/ smell and send those messages to the brain via the olfactory nerve
252
tongue
made of skeletal muscle
accessory organ of the digestive system
moves food in mouth while chewing and also moves food to the back of the larynx to aid in swallowing
anterior surface has tastebuds that sense sweet, sour, salt, and savory
innervated by the facial, glossopharyngeal, and hypoglossal nerve
253
audi/o
hearing
254
audit/o
hearing
255
aur/o
ear
256
blephar/o
eyelid
257
cochle/o
cochlea
258
corne/o
cornea
259
dacry/o
tear
260
ir/o
iris
261
irid/o
iris
262
lacrim/o
tear
263
myring/o
tympanic membrane
264
nas/o
nose
265
ocul/o
eye
266
olfact/o
smell
267
opt/o
eye
268
ot/o
hear
269
phac/o
lens
270
pupil/o
pupil
271
retin/o
retina
272
scler/o
sclera
273
sinus/o
sinus
274
tympan/o
tympanic membrane
275
accommodation
process that eyes engage in to make adjustments to see objects at various distances
276
acoustic
pertaining to the sense of hearing
277
amblyopia
dull or reduced vision, lazy eye
278
astigmatism
a misshapen curvature of the cornea that creates a defect in the refractive pavers of the eye and the light is not focused on the retina correctly
279
audiogram
record of hearing
280
auditory
pertaining to the sense of hearing
281
blepharitis
inflammation of the hair follicles along the edges of the eyelids
282
blepharoptosis
drooping of the upper eyelids
283
cerumen
earwax, secreted in the external auditory canal
284
ceruminolytic
any substance that is put into the external auditory canal to softenear wax
285
chalazion
small, hard, and painless cyst of the sebaceous gland of the eyelids
286
corneal
pertaining to the cornea
287
diplopia
double vision
288
endolymph
clear fluid contained w/n the inner ear
289
entropion
turning inward of the margin of the lower eyelids
290
equilibrium
state of balance
291
esotropia
condition where 1 or both eyes turn inward, crossed eye
292
exotropia
turning outward of 1 or both eyes
293
hemianopia
blindness of half of the visual filed
294
hyperopia
farsightedness
295
intraocular
pertaining to w/n the eye
296
iridotomy
procedure to create a hole in the iris
297
keratitis
inflammation of the cornea
298
keratoplasty
surgical repair of the cornea
299
labyrinthectomy
surgical excision of the labyrinth
300
lacrimal
pertaining to the tears
301
macular degeneration
severe loss of central vision but the peripheral vision is preserved
302
mastoiditis
inflammation of the mastoid bones
303
myopia
nearsightedness
304
myringectomy
surgical excision of the tympanic membrane
305
myringoplasty
surgical repair of the tympanic membrane
306
myringotomy
surgical incision of the tympanic membrane to remove fluid from the ear
307
nystagmus
involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball
308
ocular
pertaining to the eye
309
opthalmoscope
instrument used to examine the interior of the eye
310
optic
pertaining to the eye
311
otalgia
ear pain
312
otic
pertaining to the ear
313
otitis
inflammation of the ear
314
oropharyngeal
pertaining to the ear and the pharynx
315
otoplasty
surgical repair of the ear
316
otopyorrhea
pus in the ear
317
otoscope
medical instrument used to examine the ear
318
perilymph
serum fluid of the inner ear
319
photophobia
intolerance to light
320
presbycusis
impairment of hearing that occurs w/ aging
321
presbyopia
farsightedness
322
pupillary
pertaining to the pupil
323
retinitis
inflammation of the retina
324
retinopathy
any disease of the retina
325
scleritis
inflammation of the sclera
326
strabismus
squinting
327
stye
inflammation of 1 or more sebaceous glands of the eyelids
aka hordeolum
328
tinnitus
sensation of ringing in 1 or both ears
329
tympanectomy
surgical excision of the tampanic membrane
330
tympanic
pertaining to the tympanic membrane
331
tympanitis
inflammation of the eardrum
332
xenophthalmia
inflamed condition of the ye caused by a foreign body
333
xerophthalmia
dryness of the conjuctivia
334
acc
accommodation
335
aom
acute otitis media
336
asl
American sign language
337
dpt
diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
338
heent
head, ears, eyes, nose, throat
339
iop
intraocular pressure
340
om
otitis media
341
perrla
pupils equal, round, reactive to light, and accommodation
342
rem
rapid eye movement
343
tm
tympanic membrane
344
uri
upper respiratory infection
345
va
visual acuity
346
visual acuity
sharpness of vision
347
snellen eye chart
where a patient reads letters of various sizes from 20ft away
348
colored vision
tested w/ multicolored charts to assess patients ability to recognize different colors
349
tonometry
measures interocular pressure
350
tuning fork
tests for hearing loss
351
rinne test
fork is struck and then held on the mastoid process until the patient is able to hear the sound
352
2 types of hearing loss
conductive and sensorineural
353
conductive hearing loss
occurs when there is external or middle ear dysfunction, and sound cannot travel to the inner ear
354
otosclerosis
stiffness of the ossicles
355
sensorineural hearing loss
occurs when there is deterioration of the cochlea
356
cochlear implants
small electronic devices that are surgically implanted to stimulate the cochlea w/ sounds detected on a receiver
357
acute otitis media
bacterial infection of the middle ear
358
Eustachian tube
connects the middle ear to the throat
359
vertigo
sensation of movement when there is no motion or an exaggerated sense of movement in response to motion
360
meniere's syndrome
condition where patients experience episodic vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and pressure in 1 ear
361
labyrinthitis
inflammation of the middle ear
362
benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo, bppv
condition where vertigo that is associated with changes in the position of the head
363
cataracts
are opacities of the lens of the eye
main cause of blindness
364
phacolysis/ phacoemulsification
cataract is disolved w/ ultrasound and then removed, and a lens implant is put in place
365
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctivia
pinkeye
caused by bacterial infection but also can be caused by allergens, chemical irritants, and trauma (bacteria/ viruses)
366
glaucoma
condition where there is increased intraocular pressure secondary to a backup of fluid in the eye
367
aqueous humor
fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye
368
2 types of glaucoma
acute angle closure glaucoma and chronic glaucoma
369
acute angle closure glaucoma
occurs when the acute angle of the anterior chamber is blocked completely, and the aqueous humor cannot flow out of the eye
370
chronic glaucoma
occurs when the flow of the aqueous humor in the ye is slowed through the trabecular meshwork.
