ch3 Flashcards
1
Q
skin
A
the largest organ in the body
protects the body, regulates temp, senses surrounding environment, and secrete substances
2
Q
sebaceous glands
A
secrete sebum
3
Q
5 layers of the epidermis
A
(deep to superficial)
5. stratum corneum
4. stratum lucidum
3. stratum granulosum
2. stratum spinosum
1. stratum germinativum
4
Q
melanin
A
pigment that colors the skin
5
Q
Langerhans cells
A
functions to protect the skin from invading microorganisms.
6
Q
keratin
A
protein that forms hair, nails, and thick skin of the palms and soles.
7
Q
dermis
A
made up of connective tissue
contains nerve endings, blood vessels, sebaceous and sweat glands, elastic fibers, hair follicles, and lymphatics
8
Q
macule
A
flat, discolored spot on the skin. mole
9
Q
wheal
A
localized, temporary elevation of the skin that is itchy. urticaria/ hives
10
Q
papule
A
solid, confined, and elevated area on the skin. pimple
11
Q
vesicle
A
small fluid-filled sac. blister
12
Q
pustule
A
small elevated confined lesion that is filled with pus. pimple
13
Q
ulcer
A
erosion, eating away of healthy tissue
14
Q
fissure
A
crack-like slit that extends through the epidermis into the dermis
15
Q
hair
A
thin, stringlike structure that develops out of a hair follicle (arrector pili) muscle
16
Q
nails
A
made up of hard keratin.
made up of nail body and nail root
17
Q
nail body
A
visible portion of the nail and covers the part of the epidermis called the nail bed
18
Q
nail bed
A
epithelial tissue located deep to the nail body, pink color
19
Q
nail root
A
a fold of epithelial tissue that is not visible
20
Q
cuticle/ eponychium
A
a small portion of the epithelial fold that extends over the base of the nail body
21
Q
lunula
A
crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail body that is lighter than the rest of the nail
22
Q
free edge
A
top of the nail body
23
Q
merocrine sweat glands
A
located throughout the body
release sweat directly to the skin surface
24
Q
apocrine sweat glands
A
located in the axillae, around the nipples, and in the groin.
start to secrete at puberty
secrete sweat into the hair follicles
25
acr/o
extremity
26
aden/o
gland
27
albin/o
white
28
ang/i
vessel
29
caus/o
burn, burning
30
cellul/o
little cell
31
cutane/o
skin
32
derm/a
skin
33
dermat/o
skin
34
erythr/o
red
35
follicul/o
little bag
36
hidr/o
sweat
37
icter/o
jaundice
38
integument/o
a covering
39
kel/o
tumor
40
kerat/o
horn
41
leuk/o
white
42
melan/o
black
43
myc/o
fungus
44
onych/o
nail
45
pachy/o
thick
46
pedicul/o
a louse
47
plak/o
plate
48
prurit/o
itching
49
rhytid/o
wrinkle
50
scler/o
hard/ hardening
51
seb/o
oil
52
therm/o
hot, heat
53
trich/o
hair
54
vuls/o
to pull
55
xanth/o
yellow
56
xer/o
dry
57
abrasion
skin injury that scrapes away the surface of the skin
58
abscess
collection of pus in the skin
59
albinism
(white)(condition)
genetic condition where there is partial or complete absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes.
60
anhidrosis
(without)(sweat)(condition)
a condition where the patient is not able to sweat
61
autograft
(self)
graft taken from a part of the body and transferred to another part of the same person
62
avulsion
(away)(from pull)(process)
when a part or structure of the body, such as a finger or toe, has been forcibly torn off of the body
63
biopsy
(life)(view of)
surgical procedure to remove a piece of tissue for further evaluation under a micriscope
64
bulla
large blister
65
cauterization
intentional destruction of tissue by a caustic chemical, electric current, laser, or freezing
66
chemabrasin
(chemo=chemical)
removal of superficial layers of skin using chemicals
67
comedo
blackhead
68
contusion
blunt trauma to the skin that results in bruising w/o a break in the skin
69
cryosurgery
using extreme cold to freeze and destroy tissue
70
culture and sensitivity
lab test used to determine the specific bacteria causing an infection and the bacterials' sensitivity to different antibiotics.
71
cyst
fluid-filled sac in the skin
72
debridement
removal of foreign material, dead, and/ or damaged tissue from a wound
73
dehiscence
a complication of wound healing where the edges of the wound reopen and seperate
74
dermabrasio
scraping the skin w/ sandpaper or rotating wire brushes
75
dermatologist
physician who specializes in the study of the skin
76
erythema
redness of the skin
77
eschar
scab, slough
78
exudate
oozing of pus or serum
79
keloid
a thick or raised scar caused by excessive collagen formation
80
laceration
a wound in the skin w/ a jagged edge
typically caused by trauma
81
lesion
general term that indicates any type of abnormality on the skin
82
necrosis
(death)(abnormal condition)
area of tissue death
83
nevus
pigmented skin blemish, birthmark, or mole
84
nodule
solid, raised area of skin cells
85
onychia
(onch/o=nail)(ia= condition)
inflamed nail bed
86
petechiae
flat, pinpoint, purplish spots from bleeding that is underneath the skin
87
pruritus
severe itching
88
purpura
bruises that occur in older adults w/ thin, easily damaged skin
89
pyogenic
producing pus
90
seborrhea
oil discharge from the sebaceous glands
91
skin graft
transfer of healthy skin to cover another damaged area
92
trichophagia
hair eating
93
urticaria
skin eruption of pale reddish wheals w/ severe itching. hives
94
ungal
pertaining to the nail
95
bcc
basel cell carcinoma
96
bx
biopsy
97
c & s
culture and sensivity
98
decub
decubitus ulcer
99
derm
dermatology
100
hsv
herpes simplex virus
101
i & d
incision and drainage
102
id
intradermal
103
mm
malignant melanoma
104
ppd
purified protein derivative
105
scc
squamous cell carninoma
106
sg
skin graft
107
stsg
split thickness skin graft
108
subq
subcutaneous
109
acne
common in teens. inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles that result in pustules and papules
110
acne rosacea
chronic acne in adults. red rash, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels develop, typically on cheeks and nose
111
alopecia
loss of hair. typically on head
112
alopecia areata
hair loss patches
113
androgenetic alopecia
hair loss from aging
114
basal cell carcinoma
skin cancer found in the epidermis.
commonly results from sun exposure
115
burns
tissue injuries that results from heat, fire, chemicals, electricity, lightning, or radiation applied to skin.
116
1*
only affects epidermis
result is erythema w/o blisters
117
2*
extends thru the epidermis and into the dermis
cause blisters
aka- partial thickness burn
118
3*
full thickness burn
extends thru the epidermis, dermis, and underlying tissues.
high risk for infection and fluid loss
119
cellulitis
acute, diffuse inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
can be caused by bacterial infection from a variety of bacteria that can gain access to the skin thru openings in the skin.
appears red, painful, swollen
120
decubitus ucler
can form on any part of the body that bears weight
these ulcers form because of pressure that obstructs blood flow for an extended period of time
aka pressure sores
121
ecchymosis
brusing
caused by trauma and creates a black-and-blue appearance of the skin from blood collecting under the skin
122
eczema
acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition where the skin becomes red and itchy
vesicles, papules, pustules, scales, and crusting can occur
aka atopic dermatitis
123
gangrene
tissue necrosis that is caused by a lack of blood supply.
difficult to treat and requires debridement and IV antibiotics
can lead to amputations of limbs if the skin is unable to heal
124
herpes simplex
viral infection caused by the herpes virus type 1
causes blisters around the lips and nose that are painful
125
herpes zoster
viral infection caused by the varicella zoster virus
occurs along a nerve root
causes very painful blisters to form along the nerve on the skin
aka shingles
reactivation of the virus that causes varicella and can be prevented w/ a vaccine administered to adults
126
impetigo
inflammatory skin disease that presents w/ pustules and vesicles that rupture and become crusted
can result from a streptococcus or staphylococcus infection
127
malignant melanoma
skin cancer that is aggressive and can metastasize to other areas of the body
originates as a melanocyte
128
pediculosis
infection caused by lice
eggs from lice are called mits and can be found at the ase of the hair shaft
the saliva from the lice causes a rash, which is irritating and pruritic
129
psoriasis
chronic inflammatory condition where crusty papules form patches on the skin
patches have circular boarders
130
scabies
infection from a mite that burrows into the dermis of the skin and deposits eggs
nymphs hatch w/in 2 wks , mature, and go to the skin's surface to mate and then reinvade the skin.
causes inflammation, vesicles, and intense itching
treated with a topical scabicide
131
squamous cell carcinoma
a skin cancer that starts in the epidermis
can grow into deeper tissue and cause ulcers
rarely metastasize to other areas
132
tinea corporis
ringworm
contagious fungal infection( dermatomycosis) of the skin that results in scaling, discolored, and well defined skin lesions that are itchy and appear as patches
133
varicella
viral infection of herpes zoster causing fever and headaches
associated w/ a skin rash of macules, papules, vesicles, and crust
chickenpox
134
vitiligo
skin condition where the pigment of the skin disappears
area appears white
135
orthopedics
specialty that focuses on the musculoskeletal system
136
muscular system
comprised of the muscles in the body and enables the body to move
137
skeletal system
comprised of bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage that forms the skeleton of the body
138
bones
primary organ of the skeletal system
forms framework of the body
serve in structure and movement, protection of internal organs, storage of minerals, and as the site of blood cell formation
139
axial skeleton
skull, spine, ribs, sternum
140
appendicular skeleton
bones of the appendages
shoulder girdle, arms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs, feet
141
long bones
located in arms/ legs
femur
142
flat bones
located in the shoulder, skull, ribs and parts of the pelvis
sternum, skull
143
short bones
located in fingers/toes
carpal bones of wrist
144
irregular bones
located in spine/ ear
vertebrae
145
sesamoid bones
sharped like sesame seed
patella, kneecap
146
accessory structures of the skeletal system
cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
147
cartilage
fibrous connective tissue found at the ends of bones, in joints, and the tube structures of the body such as the larynx, air passages, and ears
148
tendons
fibrous cords that connect muscles to bones
149
ligaments
fibrous tissue in bands or sheets that connect 2 or more bones, cartilage, and other structures
150
muscles
enable the body to move from 1 place to another, produce heat, and maintain stability and posture
151
joints
are where 2 or more bones connect
152
origin
where the muscles starts
attached to fixed bone
153
insertion
where the muscles attaches to the bone that moves
154
body
is b/w these 2 points and where the contraction occurs
155
fibrous joints
do not provide movement
found b/w bones in the skull
156
cartilaginous joints
provide slight movement
found in vertebrae
157
synovial joints
allows free movement in a variety of directions due to the synovial fluid found in the joint
provides lubrication
158
flexion
bending a limb
elbow, knee
159
extension
straightening a flexed limb
elbow, knee
160
circumduction
moving body part in a circle
shoulder, hip
161
abduction
away from midline
shoulder, hip
162
adduction
toward midline
shoulder, hip
163
protraction
moving body part forward
jaw
164
retraction
moving body part backwards
jaw
165
rotation
moving around a certain axis
c1 vertebrae
166
dorsiflexion
bending body part backwards
wrist, ankle
167
pronation
turning palm down
wrist
168
supination
turning palm up
wrist
169
eversion
turning sole outward
ankle
170
inversion
turning sole inward
ankle
171
arthr/o
joint
172
burs/o
bursa
173
carp/o
carpus, wrist
174
chondr/o
cartilage
175
claviculal/o
clavicle, collar bone
176
cuccyg/o
coccyx, tailbone
177
cost/o
rib
178
crani/o
skull
179
femor/o
femur
180
fibul/o
fubula, thin lower leg bone
181
humer/o
humerus, upper arm bone
182
ili/o
ilium, bone of the pelvis
183
ischi/o
ischium, bone of the pelvis
184
kyph/o
hump
185
lord/o
bent backwards
186
mandibul/o
mandible
187
maxill/o
maxilla
188
metacarp/o
metacarpus, hand bones
189
osteo/o
bone
190
patell/o
patella, knee cap
191
phalang/o
phalanges, fingers and toes
192
pub/o
pubus
193
radi/o
radius, part of forearm
194
sarc/o
sacrum
195
scapul/o
scapula
196
scoli/o
crooked, bent
197
spondyl/o
vertebra
198
tars/o
tarsus
199
ten/o
tendon
200
tendin/o
tendon
201
tibi/o
tibia, thicker lower leg bone
202
uln
ulna, part of forearm
203
vertebr/o
vertebra
204
agonist
muscle that is the primary mover of a given movement
205
amputation
(amputat=cut thru) (ion=process)
surgical or traumatic removal of a limb, part, or other appendage
206
antagonist
(ant=against)(agon= contest)(ist= agent)
muscle that counteracts the action of another muscle
207
arthralgia
(arthr=joint)(algia= pain)
joint pain
208
ataxia
(a=lack of)(taxia=order)
lack of muscular coordination
209
atonic
(a=lack of)(ton=tone)(ic=pertaining to)
lack of muscle tone
210
atrophy
(a=lack of)(trophy= lack of nourishment)
wasting away of muscular tissue that may be caused by lack of use or lack of nerve stimulation of the muscle
211
brachyalgia
(brach/i=arm)(algia=pain)
pain in the arm
212
bradykinesia
(brady=slow)(kinesia=movement)
slowness of motion or movement
213
bursa
(burs=a pouch)
pad-like sac b/w muscles, tendons, and bones that is lined with synovial fluid and contains a fluid
214
calcaneal
(calcan/e=heal bone)(al= pertaining to)
pertaining to the heal bone
215
carpal
(carp=wrist)(al=pertaining to)
pertaining to the wrist bone
216
cast
med equipment that is hard and used to immobilize a fx bone, dislocated joint, or sprain
217
chondral
(chond=cartilage)(al= pertaining to)
pertaining to cartilage
218
clavicular
(clavicul=clavicle)(al= pertaining to)
pertaining to the clavicle or collar bone
219
coccygeal
(coccyg=coccyx)(al= pertaining to )
pertaining to the coccyx or tailbone
220
contracture
shortening of the muscle that is then resistant to stretching
221
dactylogram
(dactyl/o= finger or toe)(gram= mark or record)
a fingerprint
222
dislocation
seperation of the bone from the joint
223
dystonia
(dys=difficult)(ton=tone)(ia=condition)
impaired muscle tone
224
fixation
(fixat=fastened)(ion=process)
process of holding or securing in a fixed position
225
flaccid
lacking muscle tone
226
hallux
the great toe
227
humeral
(humer=humerus)(al=pertaining to)
pertaining to the humerus
228
iliac
(ili=ilium)(ac=pertaining to)
pertaining to the ilium
229
ilisacral
pertaining to the ilium and the sacrum
230
intercostal
(inter=b/w)(cost=rib)(al=pertaining to)
pertaining to the space b/w 2 ribs
231
ischial
(isch/i=ischium)(al=pertaining to)
pertaining to the ischium
232
lumbar
(lumb=lower back)(ar=pertaining to)
pertaining to the lower back
233
mandibular
(mandibul=lower jaw bone)(ar=pertaining to)
pertaining to the lower jaw
234
maxillary
(maxill=upper jaw bone)(ary=pertaining to)
pertaining to the upper jaw bone
235
meniscus
(menisc=crescent)(us=sctructure)
crescent shaped cartilage that is located in certain joints
236
myalgia
(my=muscle)(algia=pain)
pain in the muscle
237
orthopedics
area of medicine that involves the study of the musculoskeletal system, its structures, function, and pathology
238
osteogenesis
(oste/o=bone)(genesis= formation)
formation of the bone
239
pedal
pertaining to the foot
240
radial
pertaining to the radius
241
spinal
pertaining to the spine
242
symphysis
a firm joint, made for cartilage
243
synergist
the muscle that acts alongside another muscle to produce movement
244
tibial
pertaining to the tibia
245
ulnar
pertaining to the ulna
246
xiphoid
(xiph=sword)(oid=resemble)
the xiphoid process is the lowest portion of the sternum, it is cartilage that is shaped like a sword
247
aka
above the knee
248
bka
below the knee
249
ck
creatine kinase
250
c1,c2
first cervicale vert...
251
emg
electromyography
252
fx
fracture
253
im
intramuscular
254
L1,l2
first lumbar vert....
255
nsaids
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
256
oa
osteoarthritis
257
rom
range of motion
258
T1,t2
first thoracic vert...
259
arthritis
inflammation of a joint
260
rheumatoid arthritis
destruction of a joint caused by the persons own immune system
261
osteoarthritis
inflammation of a joint that results from general use of the joint as the body ages
262
inflammation
a common cause of pain and tenderness in the musculoskeletal system
263
bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
264
tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon
265
fascitis
inflammation of the fascia
266
myositis
inflammation of the muscle
267
carpal tunnel syndrome
a syndrome of pain, soreness, tenderness, weakness, numbness, and tingling of the hand and wrist due to compression of the medial nerve where it goes underneath a ligament that connects a wrist bone
268
genu valgum
knocked knees
269
genu varum
bowleg
270
gout
disease where the patient develops pain in the small joints of the hands/ feet due to deposits of uric acid crystals in the joint
271
kyphosis
where the curve located in the thoracic portion of the spine becomes exaggerated.
humpback
272
lordosis
exaggeration of the normal lumbar curve and pushes the abdomen and buttocks out
273
scoliosis
abnormal, lateral curve to the spine
274
myeloma
tumor of the bone marrow
275
osteosarcoma
a malignant tumor of the bone
276
myoma
tumor of the muscle
277
myosarcoma
malignant tumor of the muscle tissue
278
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow caused by an infection from pathogenic organisms
279
osteoporosis
condition where bone density decreases, which causes bone fragility
280
fractures
of bones can occur due to trauma or disease
281
closed/ simple fx
does not involve a break in the skin
282
open/compound fx
do involve a break in the skin
283
comminuted fx
where the bone is shattered
284
transverse fx
a break in the shaft of a bone
285
compression fx
occurs where 2 bones are pressed together
286
greenstick fx
a break in half of the shaft of a bone
common in children
287
epiphyseal fx
break in the growth plate at the end of a long bone
common in children
288
muscular dystrophy
a group of genetic diseases that causes progressive weakness and degeneration
289
abcd of melanoma
asymmetry
border
color
diameter
290
arthrocentesis
a surgical procedure to remove fluid from a joint
291
arthroscopy
surgical procedure to examine the inside of a joint w/ a camera
292
arthroplasty
a surgical procedure to repair a joint
293
bone marrow transplant
surgical procedure where bone marrow is taken from a donor and placed into a pt
294
cranioctomy
surgical excision of a portion of the skull
295
craniotomy
surgical incision made into the skull
296
laminectomy
surgical excision of a portion of the vertebrae
297
spondylosyndesis
spinal binding and a surgical procedure where 2 vertebrae are fused together.
