Gender Flashcards
AO3 (50 cards)
1
Q
Sex and gender
A
2
Q
RS
A
3
Q
Wider implications
A
4
Q
Issue and debate / link to another topic
A
5
Q
Androgyny and BSRI
A
Good test-retest reliability
6
Q
Poor temporal validity
A
7
Q
Internal validity- had distractors/ to reduce demand charactersitics
A
8
Q
SSR
A
9
Q
Chromosomes and hormones
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10
Q
PA
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11
Q
- Tricker et al
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12
Q
- Can’t explain cultural differences
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13
Q
David/Bruce?brena
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14
Q
Atypical sex chromosomes
A
15
Q
PA
A
16
Q
SSR
A
17
Q
Research support
A
18
Q
Confounding variables of nurture
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19
Q
Kohlberg cognitive theory
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20
Q
Rs- Thompson
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21
Q
RS- Slaby and Frey
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22
Q
Compariosn to GST
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23
Q
Problems with studying congitve theory.
A
24
Q
Gender schema theory
A
25
RS
martin and halverson children under age 6 were shown photograpgs with gender consitent behaviour or either gender inconsistent behaviour they were then asked to reall photod a week later. children tended to chnage the gender of the person carrying gender inapropriate acitivty in the photographs when asked to recall them - supports idea of what children would do under age 6 .
26
Rs for fixed schemas
Bradbert et al told 4-9 year olds to lable gender neutral items as male and female . the children followed thier sterotypys and paid more attention to their in group items.
27
Cultural differences
cherry argues ender schema not only influence how people process info but also what counts as cultrually appropriate. in socieites where gender behaviour us less rigid children are more likely to acquire non- stnadard gender steortypes . this is in contrast with some other explanations of gender development such as psychodynamic thoery which suggests gender identity is driven by more unconscious
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Psychoanlatyical theory
30
supporting evidence
Little hans
31
androcentric bias
alpha bias and androcnetricism castration anxiety and penis envy assumes evry female wants to be a a male beta bias also assumed then smae thoery for opposite sex without conducting any other research into women
32
LIm is confliciting research
Green studies 37 childern in non-nuclear family homosexuals parents or transgender parents only 1 was found to not have typical gender idnetity, therefore limits theory as children did not have to identify with same-sex aprent to internalise their gendered behaviours.
33
Pseudoscienific
Lacked rigour in his case studies all of his concepts are based on the uncoscious mind which is untestable theis makes his theory pseudoscientific as his key ideas can't be falsified thereofre questioning his validty of his theiry as int not based on sound scienticifc evidence,
34
SLT
35
Research support
BOBO doll study children are likely to imitate acts if they observe an adult role model perofrom this gendered behaviour. Modelling agressive bheaviour is more likely to be seen as rewarded.
36
Supportingevidence
Smyth and LLoyd observed adults with abbies age 4-6 months who were dressed half the time in boys clothes other half in girls clothes. babies assumed to be boys were encouraged to be adventurous and active and given a hamer babbies assumed to be girls were reinforced for passivity and given a doll and praised for being pretty. suggests gender appropiate behaviour is reinforced from an early age through differential reinforcemnt and supports slt expl of gender development
37
stength for cultural differrences
theres more androgyny in many socieities today than there was in the 1950s this shift in social expectations and cultural norms means new forms of gender behaviour are unlikely to be punished and may be reinforced. shows slt not biology can explain gender behaviour
38
bio expl better
physically and genetically objective cant argue with the biolgical human body also physically observavle chromoosmes and hormones
39
Culture and media
40
Rs
Meads research on cultural groups in Samoa arapesh people were gentle and resposive m people were agressive and hostile t women were dominant and organised village life men were passive and seen as decorative
41
ethnocentricism
meads preconceptions of what she would find had influenced her reading of events - observer bias this suggests her interpretations may not have been objective and questions the conclusions she drew.
42
Williams Canadian Tv rs
Showed tv for the first time to a group of children. two years later they has become significantly more sterotyped
43
Counter streotypes
Pingree found that gender sterotyping was reduced among children when shown tv adverts if women in non-sterotypical roles. However the sterotype of older boys became stronger they wanted to differ from the adult view, suggets ocunter sterotypes need ti be carefullt presented in a way that takes into account who the audience is.
44
Atypical gender development gender dysphoria
45
Rs
Zhou et al examined bst of 6 m to f transgender individuals psodt- mortem and after they had recieved hormone during gender reassignment suggests difference in bst may have an effect of hormone therapies rather than cause gender dysphoria
46
Confounding variables
Cna't esablish cause and effect however it's imporrible to study brain in a living person.
47
SSR
Investigating a minority group, biological approach can be seen as more comforting, reduce stigma around gd people.
48
RS
In 2010 a study oof 211 transgender people found that 38% realised tbey had gender varaince by age 5 white matter differrences could proivde independent confirmation that such children may benefit for treatment to delay puberty.
49
Limitations of psychoanalytical
Theory doesn't explain gd in biological females and onloy applies to transgender females . rekers found that gd in transgender females is due to the absence of the father rather than fear of seperation from mother . therefore doesnt provide comprehensive account of gender dysphoria.
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