Gender: Inside Of Schook Factors, Why Boys Do Worse - Anti School Subcultures

Question 1

Willis

Answer 1

• explain how anti-school subculture contribute to working class boys under achievement in schools
• Counter school culture, rejection of academic values and masculinity and manual labour contribute to the reproduction of their working class positions

Question 2

Sewell

Answer 2

• August that anti-school subcultures contribute to the underachievement of black Caribbean boys in schools for the following reasons: lack of positive role models, influence of rap and youth culture, hyper masculine and anti-school subcultures, described as ‘Kings in the playground, paupers in the classroom’ and teacher perceptions
• identified the rebels (a minority who rejected school norms from subculture and saw themselves as superior) and conformists (these boys were keen to succeed and had friends from different ethnic groups)
• Places to responsibility for underachievement on the black Caribbean boys themselves due to negative attitude towards school, however there is acknowledgement that teacher labelling can also contribute

Question 3

Frosh et al

Answer 3

• explains boys under achievement in schools by examining how boys attitudes learning are affected by the fear of being labelled as gay by their male peers
• because education is not seen as masculine, boys may under achieve in education to experience inclusion among their peers (masculinity and homophobia, peer inclusion)

Question 4

Jackson

Answer 4

• explains boys under achievement in schools by linking it to the development of laddish identities as a way of reasserting their masculinity
• This is characterised by anti-school values and confidence