gene vitamin

Question 1

Water soluble vitamins: 1. Act as _____ in many metabolic pathways 2. The body has no ___ ____ for water-soluble vitamins– except ___

Answer 1

1. coenzymes 2. storage capacity; B12

Question 2

Water soluble vitamins: Excess B vitamins are excreted in the ___

Answer 2

urine

Question 3

Water soluble vitamins: 1. A ___ of a single B vitamin is rare 2. The greater the ___ ___ , the large the requirement for B vitamins

Answer 3

1. deficiency 2. caloric intake

Question 4

Fat soluble vitamins: Do not act as a _____, except for K. They are not as ___ ___ from the diet as water soluble. The can be stored _____. Vitamins ___ and ____ can be toxic in large quantities. Vitamins ___ and __ can not.

Answer 4

coenzymes, readily absorbed, in tissues, A and D; E and K

Question 5

Measurements of vitamin levels in the blood relate more to ___ ____ than to overall __ __.

Answer 5

recent intake; body status

Question 6

Evidence is emerging that suggests an excess of some B vitamins can be ____

Answer 6

toxic

Question 7

Most vitamins are ____ before they become active

Answer 7

modified

Question 8

B Vitamins are co-enzymes in different types of reactions: B1 – ? B2/B3 – ? B6 – ? Biotin – ? Folic acid/B12 – ?

Answer 8

B1 – carboxylations B2/B3 – oxidoreductases B6 – transaminases Biotin – carboxylases Folic acid/B12 – single carbon transfers

Question 9

Lack of riboflavin causes ____ ____

Answer 9

angular stomatitis

Question 10

Eating raw egg whites can cause ____ _____

Answer 10

Biotin deficiency

Question 11

Folic acid is needed, indirectly, for _____ _____

Answer 11

DNA synthesis

Question 12

Inhibitors of ___ ____ are used as antibiotics and cancer therapy. examples of each:

Answer 12

folate reduction ab: (trimethoprim) ct: (methotrexate)

Question 13

There is an increased demand for __ ___ during pregnancy

Answer 13

folic acid

Question 14

___ ___ ____ is one of the most common vitamin deficiencies

Answer 14

Folic acid deficiency

Question 15

The functions of ___ and folic acid are interrelated

Answer 15

B12

Question 16

B12 is concentrated in the ___

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy resulting in __ ___ ___

Answer 17

defective collagen synthesis

Question 18

Lack of vitamin C also impairs ___ ___

Answer 18

immune function

Question 19

Vitamin A is ____ and should be avoided during pregnancy

Answer 19

teratogenic

Question 20

____ ___ is a signaling molecule that interacts with ligand-activated transcription factors

Answer 20

Retinoic acid

Question 21

Deficiency of vitamin A causes ___ ___

Answer 21

night blindness

Question 22

Vitamin D regulates ___ and ____ homeostasis

Answer 22

calcium and phosphorous

Question 23

The majority of vitamin D is produced by __ ___ of skin

Answer 23

UV exposure

Question 24

People in ___ ____ have a difficult time getting sufficient vitamin D in the winter

Answer 24

northern climates us :(((((((((

Question 25

Deficiency of vitamin D causes ____ of _____ with increased susceptibility to fractures

Answer 25

demineralization of bones

Question 26

___ ___ deficiency is link to early childhood caries

Answer 26

Vitamin D

Question 27

Vitamin __ is necessary for blood coagulation

Answer 27

K

Question 28

Know the structure of lactic acid:

Answer 28