gene vitamin Flashcards
(28 cards)
Water soluble vitamins: 1. Act as _____ in many metabolic pathways 2. The body has no ___ ____ for water-soluble vitamins– except ___
- coenzymes 2. storage capacity; B12
Water soluble vitamins: Excess B vitamins are excreted in the ___
urine
Water soluble vitamins: 1. A ___ of a single B vitamin is rare 2. The greater the ___ ___ , the large the requirement for B vitamins
- deficiency 2. caloric intake
Fat soluble vitamins: Do not act as a _____, except for K. They are not as ___ ___ from the diet as water soluble. The can be stored _____. Vitamins ___ and ____ can be toxic in large quantities. Vitamins ___ and __ can not.
coenzymes, readily absorbed, in tissues, A and D; E and K
Measurements of vitamin levels in the blood relate more to ___ ____ than to overall __ __.
recent intake; body status
Evidence is emerging that suggests an excess of some B vitamins can be ____
toxic
Most vitamins are ____ before they become active
modified
B Vitamins are co-enzymes in different types of reactions: B1 – ? B2/B3 – ? B6 – ? Biotin – ? Folic acid/B12 – ?
B1 – carboxylations B2/B3 – oxidoreductases B6 – transaminases Biotin – carboxylases Folic acid/B12 – single carbon transfers
Lack of riboflavin causes ____ ____
angular stomatitis
Eating raw egg whites can cause ____ _____
Biotin deficiency
Folic acid is needed, indirectly, for _____ _____
DNA synthesis
Inhibitors of ___ ____ are used as antibiotics and cancer therapy. examples of each:
folate reduction ab: (trimethoprim) ct: (methotrexate)
There is an increased demand for __ ___ during pregnancy
folic acid
___ ___ ____ is one of the most common vitamin deficiencies
Folic acid deficiency
The functions of ___ and folic acid are interrelated
B12
B12 is concentrated in the ___
liver
Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy resulting in __ ___ ___
defective collagen synthesis
Lack of vitamin C also impairs ___ ___
immune function
Vitamin A is ____ and should be avoided during pregnancy
teratogenic
____ ___ is a signaling molecule that interacts with ligand-activated transcription factors
Retinoic acid
Deficiency of vitamin A causes ___ ___
night blindness
Vitamin D regulates ___ and ____ homeostasis
calcium and phosphorous
The majority of vitamin D is produced by __ ___ of skin
UV exposure
People in ___ ____ have a difficult time getting sufficient vitamin D in the winter
northern climates us :(((((((((
