general 1

Question 1

normal Hb in men

Answer 1

13

Question 2

normal Hb in woman

Answer 2

11

Question 3

2 main causes of megaloblastic anaemia

Answer 3

B12 and Folate

Question 4

3 main causes of microcytic/hypochromic anaemia

Answer 4

iron deficiency
thalassemia
chronic disease

Question 5

types of immune haemolysis

Answer 5

cold - Ab

warm - Ab

Question 6

what can cause damage to RBC membrane

Answer 6

hereditary spherocytosis

Question 7

low MCV, low MCH

Answer 7

iron deficiency

Question 8

Normal MCV, normal MCH

Answer 8

acute blood loss, haemolysis, bone marrow aplasia

Question 9

high MCV, high MCH

Answer 9

B12 and folate deficiency

Question 10

main sites of iron absorption

Answer 10

duodenum and jejunum

Question 11

what enzyme converts Fe3 to Fe2

Answer 11

Fe-reductase or duodenal cytochrome B

Question 12

iron stored in mucosa is called

Answer 12

ferritin

Question 13

once nonhdme iron (Fe3) has been converted into Fe2, what transporter moved it into mucosal cell

Answer 13

divalent metal transporter (DMT-1)

Question 14

what transporter mover stored ferrite out mucosal cell into blood

Answer 14

ferroporten

Question 15

___ is made by liver and ___ ferroporten

Answer 15

hepcidin, inhibits

Question 16

what form of iron is bound to transferrin

Answer 16

Fe3

Question 17

what turns Fe2 into Fe3

Answer 17

hephaeston

Question 18

where is the reticulothelial system

Answer 18

spleen

Question 19

what is a megaloblast

Answer 19

abnormally large cell

Question 20

what causes megaloblastic anaemia

Answer 20

B12 and folate deficiency

results in large cytoplasm and defective DNA synthesis

Question 21

what secretes intrinsic factor

Answer 21

parietal cells in stomach

Question 22

what does intrinsic factor do

Answer 22

stops B12 digestion

Question 23

where is B12 absorbed

Answer 23

termina ileum

Question 24

what condition can cause B12 deficiency

Answer 24

pernicious anaemia - autoimmune against parietal cells

Question 25

how do you test for B12 absorption deficiency/pernicious anaemia

Answer 25

schilling test: abnormal B12 corrected by giving additional intrinsic factor

Question 26

marrow findings in iron deficiency

Answer 26

erythroid hyperplasia, low marrow iron

Question 27

marrow findings in B12/folate megaloblastic anaemia

Answer 27

megaloblastic hyperplasia

Question 28

what biochemical changes will you see in megaloblastic anaemia

Answer 28

increased: serumbilirubin, urobilogen, serum iron and ferritin decreased: B12 and folate

Question 29

what biochemical changes will you see in iron deficiency

Answer 29

low: ferritin, serum iron increased: total iron binding

Question 30

RBC life span

Answer 30

120 days

Question 31

how much blood in an adult

Answer 31

5 litres

Question 32

poorly saturated blood is said to have a ___ partial pressure

Answer 32

low/decreased

Question 33

immature RBC is called

Answer 33

reticulocyte

Question 34

haemolysis is defined as

Answer 34

premature destruction of RBCs

Question 35

what RBC enzyme deficiency can lead to haemolysis

Answer 35

glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 36

spherical RBCs is called

Answer 36

spherocytosis

Question 37

haemolytic anaemia is said to be ___ or ____

Answer 37

congenital or acquired

Question 38

causes of folate deficiency

Answer 38

diet, pregnancy, drugs (trimethoprim)

Question 39

main cause of macrocytosis

Answer 39

alcohol

Question 40

autoimmune condition mostly associated with pernicious anaemia

Answer 40

hypothyroidism

Question 41

reticulocytes are ____ in iron deficiency

Answer 41

reduced

Question 42

reticulocytes are ___in acute blood loss

Answer 42

increased (take 1-2 days)

Question 43

ABO cross match error results in?

Answer 43

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 44

what is it called when you get a reaction following blood transfusion that is CORRECT match

Answer 44

Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions

Question 45

Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions is due to?

Answer 45

white cell anti-bodies or hypersensitivity to donor plasma proteins.