Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Haematology > passmedicine > Flashcards

passmedicine Flashcards

(100 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

length of warfarin treatment in non-provoked DVT

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

length of warfarin treatment in provoked (i.e.: surgery) DVT

A

3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

scoring system for suspected DVT

A

Wells score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what score in an two-level DVT Wells score suggests a DVT is likely

A

2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

haemophilia results willshow what

A

prolonged APTT but no prolonged bleeding (because haemophilia is disorder of secondary haemostasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Von Willebrand’s disease will show what blood results

A
  • normal platelet count
  • prolonged bleeding (primary haemostasis defect)
  • prolonged APTT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Von Willebrand’s disease is inherited in what pattern

A

autosomal dominant (except type 3 which is recessive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fancy word for nose bleed

A

epistaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

signs of primary haemostasis disorder

A

epistaxis, menorrhagia,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which clotting factor does Von Willebrand’s bind

A

factor VIII (8) - binds this to stop factor 8 being broken down in blood, low VIII levels can suggest vWF deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

types of Von Willebrand’s disease

A

type 1: partial reduction in vWF (80% of patients)
type 2: abnormal form of vWF
type 3: total lack of vWF (autosomal recessive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

treatment forVon Willebrand’s disease

A
  • tranexamic acid for mild bleeding
  • desmopressin (DDAVP): raises levels of vWF by inducing release of vWF from Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells
  • factor VIII concentrate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV)

A

myeloproliferative disorder caused by clonal proliferation of a marrow stem cell leading to an increase in red cell volume (+ can also get overproduction of neutro and platelets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

diagnostic test for polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV)

A
  • JAK2 mutation

- High haematocrit (>0.52 in men, >0.48 in women)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

BUZZ: pruritis after a hot bath

A

polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The pathological fracture, renal dysfunction and anaemia are very suggestive of:

A

multiple myeloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

age group for multiple myeloma

A

elderly 60-70 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

BUZZ: bence jones protein

A

multiple myeloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is a bence jones protein

A

monoclonal Ab or light chain found in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why do you get bence jones proteins in urine in multiple myeloma

A

bone lysis –> hypercalcemia –> renal failure –> bence jones proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

types of Ab produced in multiple myeloma

A
  • kappa (most common) or lambda

- usually IgG or IgA monoclonal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

common clinical features of multiple myeloma

A
  • bone pain/pathological fractures
  • renal failure
  • hypercalcaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

leukaemia mostly seen in kids

A

acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

leukaemia mostly seen in adults

A

acute myeloid leukaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
BUZZ: Auer rods
acute myeloid leukaemia
26
-philia means
more
27
-penia means
less
28
most common cause of thrombophilia
factor V Leiden (activated protein C resistance)
29
the most common inherited bleeding disorder
Von Willebrand's disease
30
what infection causes problems in people with sperocytosis
parvo virus
31
BUZZ: heinz bodies
G6PD deficiency
32
diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis
Osmotic fragility test
33
diagnostic test for G6PD deficiency
measure G6PD activity
34
genetic inheritance of G6PD deficiency
men: X-linked recessive
35
Hodgkin's lymphoma is
malignant proliferation of lymphocytes characterised by the presence of the Reed-Sternberg cell
36
Hodgkin's lymphoma - most common type =
nodular sclerosing
37
BUZZ: Reed-Sternberg cell
Hodgkin's lymphoma
38
what are Reed-Sternberg cell
giant cells seen on microscopy those with hodgkins lymphoma. Multinucleate or bi-lobed
39
'B' symptoms of lymphoma are
weight loss fever > 38ºC night sweats
40
types of hodgkins lymphoma
- nodular sclerosing - Mixed cellularity - Lymphocyte predominant - Lymphocyte depleted
41
types of hodgkins lymphoma that has BEST prognosis
Lymphocyte predominant
42
types of hodgkins lymphoma that has WORST prognosis
Lymphocyte depleted
43
BUZZ: leukaemia that has splenomegaly
chronic myeloid leukaemia
44
BUZZ: philadelphia chromosome
chronic myeloid leukaemia
45
philadelphia chromosome is what chromosomes
It is due to a translocation between the long arm of chromosome 9 and 22 - t(9:22)(q34; q11). ** results in excessive tyrosine kinase activity **
46
treatment for chronic myeloid leukaemia
imatinib
47
type of leukaemia in elderly
chronic lymophocytic
48
chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is almost always what type of cell
B cells
49
neutrophilic can be caused by what drugs
steroids
50
BUZZ: smudge or smeer cells
chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
51
investigations for leukaemia
blood film and immunophenotyping
52
Factor V Leiden mutation pathophysiology?
Factor V Leiden mutation results in activated protein C resistance
53
most common inherited thrombiphilia
Factor V Leiden mutation
54
what is polycythaemia?
increased haematocrit >55% (also called erythrocytosis)
55
what can cause polycythaemia (erythrocytosis)
primary: myeloproliferative disorder secondary: hypoxia (COPD, smoking)
56
those with hereditary spherocytosis can present with:
``` failure to thrive jaundice, gallstones splenomegaly aplastic crisis precipitated by parvovirus infection degree of haemolysis variable MCHC elevated ```
57
treatment for hereditary spherocytosis
folic acid and splenectomy
58
hereditary spherocytosis, intravascular or extravascular haemolysis?
extravascular
59
G6PD deficiency, intravascular or extravascular haemolysis?
intravascular
60
G6PD genetics
x-linked recessive
61
hereditary sperocytosis genetics
autosomal dominant
62
diagnosis of G6PD
G6PD levels
63
what is pseudothrombocytopenia
incorrect platelet result, usually due to not mixing sample well enough so clots form
64
what do blood files contain to bind calcium
citrate
65
in prothrombin time what is added to plasma
calcium and thromboplastin (tissue factor and phospholipids)
66
prothrombin time tests what pathway
extrinsic (TF/VIIa) and common
67
what test has results given in INR
prothrombin time
68
INR equation
patients PT/control PT to the power of ISI
69
normal INR for someone NOT on any anticoagulants
0.8-1.2
70
what can cause increase in INR
- anticoagulant drugs - decreased clotting factor synthesis (Vit K deficiency, liver disease) - exhaustion of clotting factors (sepsis, DIC)
71
what is added in a APPT test
calcium, partial thrombin (phospholipids and neg charged surface **no tissue factor**)
72
what pathway does APPT test
intrinsic and common
73
Normal aPTT
dictated by that lab, due to variation (usually 25-40)
74
causes of raised aPTT
- VWF deficiency - heparin - haemophilia - anti phospholipid syndrome - sepsis/DIC
75
test results: low platelets, high D-dimer
DIC
76
test results: just an increased aPTT
haemophilia
77
test results: all normal but prolonged bleeding
VWF disease
78
test results: low platelets and fibrinogen, high INR
liver disease
79
what condition is HbA2 increased (>3.5%)
beta thalassaemia trait
80
tests: very low MCV but only mild anaemia
thalassaemia
81
haemophiliacs A are deficient in what factor
VIII
82
haemophiliacs will have what results for platelets, aPTT, PTT
platelets: normal aPTT: prolonged PT: normal
83
B haemophiliacs are deficiency in what factor
IX
84
how long do you give heparin following a DVT
~ 5 days or till INR is 2+ for at least 24 hours
85
investigations in someone with unprovoked DVT
chest x ray, FBC, urine
86
BUZZ: basophilic stippling on blood film
lead poisoning
87
Tear-drop poikilocytes =
myelofibrosis
88
what is polycythaemia rubra vera
myeloproliferative disorder caused by clonal proliferation of a marrow stem cell leading to an increase in red cell volume. also get excess neutrophils and platelets
89
peptic ulcer is CI for what drug
aspirin
90
anti coagulant of choice for elective orthopaedic procedures
LMWH
91
what does VF do
forms attachment between collagen and plateless. this binding activates platelets
92
what does activated platelets release
ADP
93
what role does ADP release by platelets cause
- ADP binds receptors on platelet surface and trigger aggregation - recruits more platelets
94
what prothrombotic chemicals do activated platelets release
ADP | thromboxane
95
what does thromboxane do
triggers cross linking between platelets
96
'white' clots are found where
arteries
97
why called 'white' cloys in artery
lots of platelets
98
'red' clot where and why
vein, most RBC and fibrin
99
extrinsic pathway begins with what
tissue damage + tissue factor and factor VII
100
intrinsic pathway starts with
factor XII (12) in contact with vascular endothelium

Haematology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions