General Flashcards
1
Q
Anatomy
A
Study of our bodies structures and location of those structures
2
Q
Physiology
A
Study of how the human body works the cellular processes
3
Q
Dorsal cavity
A
Holds the brain and spinal cord. Dorsal back like dorsal fin
4
Q
Ventral cavity
A
Front cavity that holds everything but brain and spinal cord ventral-> front
5
Q
Dorsal cavity holds the- - and - - cavities.
A
Cranial cavity-holds brain
spinal cavity - spine and spinal cord
6
Q
The ventral cavity is split into….
A
Thoracic cavity
Diaphragm
Abdomenopelvic cavity
7
Q
Thoracic cavity holds…
A
L& R pleural cavities- hold the lungs
Mediastinum/pericardial cavity- heart
8
Q
Abdomenopelvic cavity divides into…
A
Abdominal cavity-stomach liver and intestines
Pelvic- bladder and reproductive organs
No distinct barrier between them
9
Q
Visceral membrane
A
Lies atop the organs outermost layer
10
Q
Parietal membrane
A
Lining of the cavity itself
11
Q
Axial region
A
Head chest abdomen trunk basically
12
Q
Appendicular region
A
Appendages arms and legs
13
Q
Antebrachial
A
Forearm
14
Q
Antecubital
A
Inner elbow
15
Q
Axillary
A
Armpit
16
Q
Brachial
A
Upper arm
17
Q
Bucchal
A
Cheek
18
Q
Carpal
A
Wrist
19
Q
Cephalic
A
Head
20
Q
Coxal
A
Hip
21
Q
Crural
A
Shin
22
Q
Cubital
A
Elbow
23
Q
Dorsum
A
Back
24
Q
Femoral
A
Thigh
25
Frontal
Forehead
26
Genicular
Knee
27
Inguinal
Groin
28
Lumbar
Lower back
29
Mental
Chin
30
Orbital
Eye
31
Otic
Ear
32
Pectoral
Chest
33
Pedal
Foot
34
Plantar
Sole bottom of ft
35
Popliteal
Back of knee
36
Sural
Calf
37
Tarsal
Ankle
38
Vertebral
Back bone
39
Anatomical position
Body facing forward
Feet pointed straight ahead
Arms to the sides
Palms up or outward
40
There are three planes in which sections (cuts) can be made
Frontal, sagittal, transverse
41
Frontal
Separating front from back
42
Sagittal
R&L sides
43
Transverse
Top and bottom peices
44
Mid sagittal
Cut between the midline and distal line of the body
45
Anterior
In front of
46
Posterior
Behind
47
Superior
Above
48
Inferior
Below
49
Medial
Closer to middle line of body
50
Lateral
Further from middle
51
Superficial
Towards Outer surface of body
52
Deep
Closer to inside the body
53
Proximal
Closer to the trunk( attachment point) of body
54
Distal
Further from trunk (attachment point) of body
55
Right
Patients right your left
56
Left
Pts left your right
57
Types of matter
Solid, liquid, gas
58
The two fundamental components of the universe
Matter and energy
59
Matter
Occupies space and has mass
60
Energy
The ability to do work and make change
61
Atom
The smallest unit of matter capable of retaining the identity of an element during a chemical reaction.
62
Element
Is a substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances by normal chemical reactions.
63
The elements that make up 95% of all living material
```
CHNOPS
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
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64
What are atoms made of?
Subatomic particles protons, neutrons, electrons.
65
What subatomic particles are in an atoms nucleus?
Protons and nuetrons
66
What subatomic particles reside outside the nucleus of an atom?
Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom.
67
Atomic weight/mass
Is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus
68
Atomic number
Is its number of protons.
69
Cytology
Study of cells
70
Eukaryotes
Cells found in all organisms except bacteria and viruses
71
Nucleus
Control center of the cell (brain)
72
Cytosol
Fluid material found in cytoplasm
73
Cytoplasm
Gel like material that fills the insides of the cell.
74
Whats the difference between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have a hard protective cell wall and animal cells have a semipermeable cell membrane.
75
Plasmalemma
Plasma membrane a semipermeable membrane of animal cells.
76
Organelles
Organs of the cell
77
Stem cell
Is an undifferentiated cell that can give rise to cells that will then specialize.
78
Totipotent stem cells
Is a true stem cell that can develop into any kind of cell that is found in the body even placenta.
79
Pluripotent stem cells
They can develop into any cell type except placenta.
80
Whats the difference between pluripotent and totipotent and multi-potent stem cells?
L
81
Multipotent stem cells
Stem cells that will follow 1 of 3 paths to become either form the endoderm, mesoderm, or ectoderm
82
Apoptosis
Beginning the process of cellular death
83
Differentiated cell
Cell that carries out a specific specialized function
84
Matrix
The environment outside the cell
85
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from high to low concentration. Movement is automatic does not use energy.
86
Osmosis
The diffusion of water “ water always goes to where there is less water”
87
Solvent
Is the liquid in which a substance is dissolved
88
Solute
Is the substance dissolved in the solvent
89
In a 1% saline solution what is the solute and solvent?
1% salts (solute) 99% water (solvent)
90
Water is a polar molecule that will not pass through ?
The lipid bylayer
91
“Water always goes to....
Where there is less water”
92
Isotonic solution
Same concentration of solute and solvent as found inside a cell
1% saline solution is isotonic
Equal flow of water into and out of the cell
93
Hypotonic solution
| Hypo (less than/below)
Has a lower solute concentration than that of the cell
Cell swells
Ex distilled water 100% water
94
Hypertonic solution
| Hyper- more than
Higher solute concentration than the cell
Cell shrinks
Ex 10% saline solution
95
Give an example of and isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic solutions.
1% saline
10% saline
Distilled water
96
What happens to the cell in isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic solutions?
Iso- cell stays the same
Hyper- cell shrinks
Hypo- cell swells
97
Active transport
Occurs across a semipermeable membrane moving from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. Basically acts in the opposite of diffusion and why it takes energy to do so.
98
What is the largest cellular organelle?
The nucleus makes up 10% of the cell.
99
Nuclear enevelope
Is the outermost layer of the nucleus and is composed of a double layer membrane barrier.
100
Perinuclear space
Is the fluid filled space between the membranes of the nuclear envelope
101
Nucleoplasm
A clear viscous material that forms the matrix in which the subnuclear bodies are embeded
102
Pinocytosis
Droplets of liquid are brought into the cell
103
Phagocytosis
Cell membrane extends around a molecule engulfing it into the cell
104
Active transport
Molecules are pumped from areas of low concentration to high concentration
105
Exocytosis
Molecules are released from the cell by a vesicle fusing with the cell membrane.
