General Anatomy Flashcards
(386 cards)
0
Q
Shortest muscle
A
stapedius
1
Q
Longest muscle
A
Sartorius
2
Q
agonistic means
A
prime mover
3
Q
synergistic means
A
supports movement
4
Q
Antagonistic
A
opposite mover
5
Q
internal organs being to form when
A
2 months
6
Q
Efferent cranial nerves develop where
A
basal plate
7
Q
thymus gland is found where
A
3rd pharyngeal pouch
8
Q
Pharyngeal tonsil is found where
A
2nd pharyngeal pouch
9
Q
myoblasts make what
A
smooth or cardiac muscle in the embryonic mesoderm
10
Q
Mesodermal (somites) make
A
skeletal muscle
11
Q
Skeletal muscle structure
A
striated and multinucleated
12
Q
Cardiac muscle structure
A
striated and uninuclleated in the intercalated discs
13
Q
Smooth muscle structure
A
spindle shape with central nuclei
14
Q
Bone growing inside a suture is called
A
wormian bone
15
Q
Synarthrosis
A
immovable
16
Q
what type of functional class is a suture
A
synarthrosis (no movement)
17
Q
Gomphoses refers to
A
teeth, styloid process in temporal bone
18
Q
What functinal class is gomphoses
A
synarthrosis
19
Q
Syncondroses is what
A
epiphyseal plate
20
Q
synchondroses is under what functional class
A
synarthrosis
21
Q
Amphiarthrosis is what heading functional class
A
slightly moveable
22
Q
between shafts of distal unla and radius, distal articulation tibia and fibula is collectively known as what
A
syndesmoses
23
Q
What functional class is syndesmosis
A
amphiarthrosis
24
symphysis of pubis and IVD are collectively known as what
symphysis
25
symphysis is under what functional class
amphiarthrosis
26
Diarthrosis is what type of movement
synovial joints- freely moveable
27
knee, elbow, phalanges, TMJ are all considered what specific category of diathrosis joint
hinge
28
diarthrosis
Hinge aka
ginglymus
29
atlas and axis, proximal radiounlar joints are all what subcategory of diarthrosis
pivot
30
Diarthrosis
Pivot AKA
Trochoid
31
between carpals and tarsals, sternoclavicular, and costovertebral joints are all considered what subcategory of diarthrosis
Gliding
32
thumb is considered what subcategory of diarthrosis
saddle
33
diarthrosis
saddle aka
sella
34
radiocarpal, atlanto-occipital are which subcategory of diarthrosis
ellipsoid
35
diarthrosis
ellipsoid aka
condyloid
36
hip and shoulder (greatest range of motion) is what subcategory of diarthrosis
ball and socket
37
diarthrosis
ball and socket aka
spheroid
38
Thumb action effected by the radial nerve
extension
39
example of uniaxial
elbow (1 degree of freedom)
40
example of biaxial
hand, tmj (2 degrees of freedom)
41
example of multiaxial
shoulder (3 degrees of freedom)
42
Motions of the thumb can be remembered by RUM
radial n
ulnar n
median n
43
skull is considered what structural class of suture
fibrous suture
44
teeth or gomphoses are considered what structural class
fibrous
45
syndesmoses or the articulation between the radius and ulna is considered what structural class
fibrous
46
what structural class is synchondroses
cartilaginous
47
what structural class is symphysis
cartilagenous
48
what structural class are the diarthrodial joints in
ligamentous and synovial (Elvis the pelvis)
49
rim of fibrocartilage around gleonid fossa of shoulder
glenoid labrum
50
sprain
ligament damage
51
strain
tendon injury
sTrain= tendon
52
location of osgood schlatters disease
patellar ligament
53
unhappy triad includes what ligaments
medial meniscus
anterior cruciate ligament
medial collateral ligament
54
Which is a more common tear in general, lateral or medial meniscus
lateral meniscus
55
of the foot which is more common to injure oneself. inversion or eversion
inversion
56
What does the word deltoid literally mean
mother
57
knowing that deltoid means mother, which of the following is not a part of the deltoid ligament. tibia or fibula
fibula. it will always include tibia
58
what is the strongest ligament of the ankle or foot
deltoid ligament
59
what is the most commonly injured ligament of the ankle or foot
lateral ligament
60
cartilage is replaced by bone
endochondral ossification
61
membranous bone (ie parietal)
intramembranous ossification
62
Forms haversian canal
compact bone
63
compact bone aka
lamellae
64
betwen lamellae
lacunae
65
mature cells in lacunae
osteocytes
66
allows osteocytes in lacunae to 'talk' with eachother
canaliculi
67
aka spongy bone
canellous bone
68
what part of bone is the only part able to feel pain
periosteum
69
major inorganic component of bone
hydroxyapatite
70
oral cavity and anal canal cells are what type of cell
stratified squamous
71
striated multinucleated is describing what type of muscle
skeletal muscle
72
neurotransmitter storage
terminal button
73
nerve and skin develop where in embryo
ectoderm
74
key word; saddle think
thumb
75
key word; sella think
thumb
76
key word ellipsoid think
condyloid
77
key word; pivot think
C1-C2
78
key work; symphysis think
IVD
79
Key word spheroid think
hip
80
key word; gomphosis think
teeth
81
key workd hinge think
ginglymus
82
what is the division of the foregut and midgut
liver and pancreatic buds
83
resists anterior translation and medial rotation of tibia in relation to femur
anterior cruciate
84
prevents femur from sliding off anterior edge of tibia and prevents tibia from displacing posterior to femur
posterior cruciate
85
resists forces that would push knee medially
medial collateral
86
keeps outer side of the knee joint stable
lateral collateral
87
distributes over fifty percent of the medial support of the elbow
ulnar collateral
88
protects elbow joint from twisting forces genereated in pitching, serving a tennis ball, or throwing a javelin
ulnar collateral
89
remains taut throughout extension and flexion of the joint
radial collateral
90
wraps around the head of radius and attaches to ulna, stabilizes radius in radial notch and allows for rotating hand
annular collateral
91
hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and common bile duct are called
portal triad
92
connects ciliary body with crystalline lens of eye
zonule of zinn
93
how many bones in the appendicular skeleton
126
| 206 total so in axial skeleton 206-126=80
94
axial skeleton has 80 bones which incudes *
skull, spine, ossicles of middle ear, hyoid, ribs and sternum
everything else is appendicular skeleton*
memorize one to know the other
95
What level is the spine of the scapula when pt is standing or sitting upright
T7
96
What level is the spine of the scapula when the pt is laying prone
T6
97
What bone of the scapula has root at T3
spine of scap
98
Most lateral superior boarder of scapula
acromion
99
Pectroalis minor, coracobrachialis, short head of the biceps all attach here
coracoid of scapula
100
superior boarder of scap
scapular notch
101
coracoclavicular ligament attachment. 1st bone to ossify
conoid (of clavical)
102
'sit' attachment
greater tubercle of humerus
103
subscapular attachment
lesser tubercle of humerus
104
roughened attachement for deltoid
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
105
bicipital tendon location
intertubercular groove of humerus
106
ulnar nerve transverses
medial epicondyle of humerus
107
groove for radial nerve (post humeral)
lateral epicondyle
108
articulates with radius
capitulum of humerus
109
articulates with the ulna
trochlea of humerus
110
houses olecranon process of ulna
olecranon fossa of humerus
111
depression on head of radius
fovea of radius
112
attachement for biceps muscle
radial tuberosity
113
articulates with ulna
ulnar notch
114
at the wrist on radius
styloid process
115
locator for lunate bone
lister's tubercle on radius
116
elbow large process is called
olecranon process
117
what is common name for semilunar notch (aka trochelar notch) hinge area
elbow
118
anterior boarder of elbow
coronoid of ulna
119
lateral coronoid process of ulna
radial notch
120
located at the wrist
head of ulna
121
separates ulna and carpals
styloid process
122
proximal row of hand bones from lateral to medial
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
123
another name for the scaphoid bone in hand
navicular
124
distal row of hand bones from lateral to medial
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
125
what is another name for trapezium bone of hand
Greater multangular
126
What is another name for the trapezoid bone of the hand
lesser maltangular bone
127
what is the mc subluxated bone of the hand
lunate
128
what is the 'keystone' bone of the hand
lunate
129
Snuff box boarders*
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis longus
130
Floor of the snuff box*
scaphoid bone
131
what can be found in the snuff box*
radial pulse
132
OA effects which joints
DIP PIP
133
RA effects which joints
PIP MCP
134
sciatic nerve runs through what bony landmark of the ilium
iliopectineal line (aka arcuate line)
135
greater sciatic notch is located where on the ilium
medial posterior
136
posterior gluteal line is located where on the ilium
posterior
137
pudendal nerve is located in what landmark on the ischium
lesser sciatic notch
138
bears the weight of the body when steated is what part of the ischium
ischial tuberosity
139
large opening/ pubis ischium
obturator forament
140
where the ilium, ischium and pubis meet at the femur
acetabulum
141
lateral side of femur head
greater trochanter of femur
142
medial side of femur
lesser trochanter of femur
143
between the trochanters of the femur
intertrochanteric line/crest of femur
144
posterior (inferior to gluteal tuberosity) of femur
linea aspera of femur
145
mediallly located on femur
adductor tubercle
146
between condyles of tibia
intercocndylar eminence of tibia
147
paterllar ligament attachment
tibial tuberosity of tibia
148
medial and distal on tibia
medial malleolus of tibia
149
posterior of tibia
soleal line of tibia
150
proximal lateral common perneal nerve
head of fibula
151
lateral and distal on fibula
lateral malleolus of fibula
152
3 cuneiform bones of foot
lateral cuneiform aka
3rd
153
intermediate cuneiform aka
2nd
154
medial cuneiform aka
1st
155
what bone of the foot is lateral to the 3rd or lateral cuneiform bone
cuboid
156
what bone of the foot is just posterior to the 1st and 2nd cuneiform bones
navicular
157
which bones of the foot make up the heel and ankle
talus and calcaneus
158
how many tarsal bones total
7
159
how many beats per minute does the heart have on average
75 beats/min
160
how many mL of blood does the heart pump in every beat
70-80 mL
161
right auricle is located where in the heart
superior corner of right atrium
162
what is the C shaped ridge of the right atrium called
crista terminalis
163
where are the trabeculae carnae located
ventricles
164
what is unique about the right pulmonary artery
deoxygenated
165
what is unique about the pulmonary vein
oxygenated
166
the tricuspid valve is located at what intercostal space
5th
167
moderator band is located where inside the heart
right ventricle
168
ligamentum arteriosum is located where
inferior to the arch of the aorta
169
pulmonary semilunar valve is located at what intercostal space
2nd
170
bicuspid valve aka mitral valve is located at which intercostal space
5th mid clavicular
171
apex of the heart is located at which intercostal space
5th left intercostal space near diaphragm
172
Save A Lady Falling Out (of a) Plane Super Man
is a mnumonic for what
branches off the external carotid artery
173
what are the branches off the external carotid artery
Superior thyroid, Ascending Pharyngeal, Lingual, Facial, Occipital, Posterior auricular
terminates as: Superficial temporal arteries and Maxillary artery
174
Branches off the aschending aorta and aortic arch
coronary arteries, brachiocephalic, left common carotid, lefft subclavian
175
what is another name for the brachiocephalic artery
right common carotid and right subclavian make up the brachiocephalic
176
Branches off the abdominal aorta
celiac trunk: left gastric, common hepatic and splenic.
superior mesenteric: goes to the small intestine, middle, right and iliocolic.
inferior mesenteric: left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal
177
what is mediastinum
central compartment around thoracic cavity. intrapleural space in the thorax
178
first rib- strenal angle- T4-T5 disc is location of what
superior mediastinum
179
anterior to the pericardium is location of what
anterior mediastinum
180
between right and left pleural cavities is location of what
middle mediastinum
181
posterior to the pericardium between the mediastinal pleurae
posterior mediastinum
182
contents of which mediastinum include
superior vena cava (upper 1/2), ARCH OF AORTA, trachea, internal thoracic artery and vein, brachicephalic artery and vein, left common carotid, subclavian, throacic duct, esophagus, thyroid, vagus nerve, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, thymic remnants, phrenic nerve
superior mediastinum
183
contents of which mediastinum include
thymic remnants (commonly in superior medastinum) lymph nodes (few) fat and loose connective tissue, and sternopericardial ligaments
anterior mediastinum
184
contents of which mediastinum include
heart, pericardium, ascending aorta, superior vena cava (lower 1/2), right and left pulmonary arteries and veins, phrenic nerve, great vessels, arch of the azygous vein, and mani bronci
middle mediastinum
185
contents of which mediastinum include
esophagus, descending thoracic aorta, azygous and hemiazygous vein, accessory azygous vein, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk, splanchnic and vagus nerve
posterior mediastinum
ducks and goose
186
which organ stores RBC
spleen
187
what produces lymphcytes and antibodies
spleen
188
what contains rbcs and wbc pulp
spleen
189
organs include spleen, tonsils, thymus, and bone marrow are considered what
lymph
190
what is another name for cell body (2)
perikaryon
| soma
191
what does the cell body contain
nucleus
192
what is the impulse generator of the nerve
axon
193
neurotransmitters are stored where in the nerve
terminal button
194
what ion must you have to release NT
calcium
195
Sclerotome think
vertebral column
196
myotome think
muscle
197
dermatome think
dermis of skin
198
nerve and skin are
ectoderm
199
air and gut are
endoderm
200
everything else is
mesoderm
201
enteric nervous system aka
intrinsic nervous system
202
subdivision of autonomic nervous system
enteric nervous system
203
directly controls gastrointestinal system (embedded in lining)
enteric nervous system
204
what initiates the digestive process
oral cavity and pharynx
205
60-70% saliva come from what gland
submandibular gland
206
20-30% saliva comes from what gland
parotid gland
207
double fold peritoneum transmits vessels, nerves, and lymph tissue
mesenteries
208
left lobe of the liver> diaphragm
falciform ligament
209
right lobe of the liver > diaphragm
coronary ligament
210
lies in liver fissure (remnant of ductus venosus)
liagmentum venosum
211
extends from liver to the lesser curve of the stomach
lesser omentum
212
extends from the greater curve over the abdominal viscera
greater omentum
213
mucous lining with many folds in stomach
rugae
214
what type of cells are found in the stomach
parietal aka oxyntic
215
what do parietal cells in stomach secrete
HCL and IF
| intrinsic factor
216
where are cheif cells found
stomach
217
cheif cells aka
zymogenic cells
218
chief cells secrete what
pepsinogen
219
what stimulates hunger
ghrelin
220
how long is the duodenum
10 inches
221
how long is the jejunum
8 feet
222
how long is the ileum
12 feet
223
what increases surface area of small intestines for absorption
brush boarder
224
what are the folds in the small intestines called
plicae circulare
225
epithelial cells in small intestine secrete what
CCK
226
CCK squeezes what organ
gallbladder
227
what is considered the blind pouch of the large intestine
cecum
228
what is the hollow part of the large intestine
appendix
229
what is responsible for immune system in large intestine
appendix
230
columns of Mrgagni for expansion of large intestine are found where
rectum and anus
| for wide diameter poops
231
largest visceral organ
liver
232
largest gland in the entire body
liver
233
contains round ligament
falciform ligament of liver
234
ligamentum teres aka
round ligament
235
right lobe of liver is which segments
anterior and posterior
236
left lobe of liver is divided into what
caudate and quadrate lobes
| medial and lateral segments
237
what organ produces bile
liver
238
what organ stores glycogen, vitamins, iron, and copper
liver
239
contracts to expel bile
gallbladder
240
bile secreted in gallbladder when what is present
CCK
241
bile is responsible for what action
emulsify fat
242
Retroperitoneal list "D CUPS DAKRI'**
duodenum, ascending colon, ureter, pancreas, suprarenals, descneding colon, aorta, kidney, rectum, inferior vena cava
* know what is or is not retroperitoneal
243
Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid and Maxillary are all what
sinuses
244
what is the roof of the nasal cavity
cribriform plate
245
larynx is composed of what
pharynx and trachea
246
what controls the stream of air
true vocal cords
247
what houses palatine tonsils
palatoglossus
248
nasopharynx is closed by which two muscles during swallowing
mylohyoid and digastric
249
esophagus is composed of what muscle type
smooth and skeletal
250
how many cartilaginous rings in trachea
16-20
251
what does the trachea span from
cricoid to bronchi (C6-T5)
252
Marks division of trachea into primary bronchi
carina
253
which bronchi is shorter, wider, and vertical
right bronchi
254
which bronchi is longer, narrow, and horizontal
left bronchi
255
which lung is more prone to different pathologies
right lung
256
right lung has how many different lobes and what are they called
3
| superior, middle, inferior lobes
257
what are the right lung lobes separated by
oblique and horizontal fissures
258
how many lobes does the left lung have and names
2
upper lobe
lower lobe
259
what does the upper lobe of the left lung contain
cardiac notch and lingula
260
what is the left lung lobes divided by
oblique fissure only
261
what is located between the left and caudate lobes of the liver
gallbladder
262
Epitheal tissue lines what
organs and glands
263
what squamous cell type allows for gas exchange
simple squamous
264
location of alveoli and capillaries
simple squamous
265
GI tract is lined with what type of cells
simple columnar
266
small bronchi and uterine tubes are lined with what type of cell
ciliated columnar
267
respiratory tract is lined with what type of cell
pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells
268
distention is allowed by what cell type
transitional
269
functional unit is the nephron
kidney
270
which kidney is lower than the other
right kidney is lower
271
what is the order of anatomy in the kidney
medullary pyramids> minor calyces> major calyces> renal pelvis> ureter> bladder
272
The renal pyramids are located in what
medulla of kidney
273
pH of semen
7.2
274
what cells make testosterone
interstital cells of leydig
275
what hormone controls spermatogenesis
FSH
276
What hormone causes the secreting testosterone by interstitial cells of leydig
LH
277
predominate in pregnancy hormone
progesterone
278
secreted by corpus luteum
estrogen 1
| progesterone 2nd
279
proliferation is caused by what hormone
estrogen
280
secretion is caused by what hormone
progesterone
281
what hormone causes enlargement of uterus
estrogen
282
what hormone maintains and prevents degeneration of reproductive organs secreted by corpus luteum
estrogen
283
what does non-gravid mean
not pregnant
284
what is secreted by the corpus luteum in the 2nd 1/2 of the cycle
progesterone
285
what increses in pregnancy
progesterone
286
matures follice and proliferation in non-gravid uterus
FSH
287
stimulates pre-ovulating follicle cuasing rupture of follicle and ovulation
LH
288
maintains corpus luteum
HCG
289
what hormone is detected in home pregnancy tests
HCG
290
plane separating body into right and left equally
mid-sagittal plane
291
plane separating body into left and right not equally
para-sagittal
292
plane separating body into superior and inferior
transverse
293
plane separating the body into anterior and posterior
coronal
294
what another name for coronal plane
frontal plane
295
what artery is found within the carotid triangle
carotid artery branches
296
anterior border of carotid triangle
superior belly omohyoid
297
posterior border of carotid triangle
SCM
298
superior border of carotid triangle
posterior belly of digastric
299
submandibular triangle contains what gland
submandibular gland
300
anterior border of submandibular triangle
anterior belly of digastric
301
posterior border of submandibular triangle
posterior belly of digastric
302
superior border of submandibular triangle
lower border of mandible
303
area of lung ascultation, located near inferior angle of scapula
triangle of auscultation
304
superior border of triangle of ascultation
trapezius
305
inferior border of triangle of auscultation
latissimus dorsi
306
Lateral aspect of triangle of auscultation
scapula
307
floor of triangle of auscultation
lower border of mandible
308
posterior circumflex humeral artery and axillary nerve are both found in which space
quadrangular space
309
superior boundary of quadrangular space
teres minor
310
inferior boundary of quadrangular space
teres major
311
medial boundary of quadrangular space
long head of triceps
312
lateral boundary of quadrangular space
humerus
313
what space contains circumflex scapular artery
triangular space
314
what is the difference between the triangular space and the quadrangular space?
only difference is quadrangular space has lateral boarder
315
superior boundary of triangular space
teres minor
316
inferior boundary of triangular space
teres major
317
lateral boundary of triangular space
long head of triceps
318
used clinically as a point of tenderness in appendicitis
McBurney's point
319
anterior abdominal wall on right side, between right ASIS and umbilicus
McBurney's point boundaries
320
How many regions of the abdomen
9
321
what are the left 3 regions of the abdomen
left hypochondriac, left lumbar, left iliac
322
what are the middle 3 regions of the abdomen
epigastric, umnbilical, hypogastric
323
what are the right 3 regions of the abdomen
right hypochondric, right lumbar, right iliac
324
what are the names of the 4 quadrants of the abdomen
lower left, lower right, left upper, right upper
325
how many quadrants in the abdomen
4
326
contains median nerve and tendons of flexors of digits
carpal tunnel*
327
borders of carpal tunnel
flexor retinaculum and carpal bones*
328
femoral nerve and artery, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and femoral canal are all found in what triangle
femoral triangle
329
superior border of femoral triangle
inguinal ligament
330
medial border of femoral triangle
adductor longus
331
lateral border of femoral triangle
sartorius
332
location of direct inguinal hernia
Hesselbach's Triangle
333
lateral border of Hesselbach's triangle
inferior epigastric artery
334
medial border of Hesselbach's triangle
rectus abdominis
335
inferior border of Hesselbach's triangle
inguinal ligament
336
Hernias through Hesselbach's triangle are due to weakness or defect in what
lower abdominal wall
337
what gland is the size of a pea
pituitary gland
338
which gland is located at the bottom of hypothalamus, base of brain, in sella turcica
pituitary
339
which gland is covered by dural fold
pituitary
340
sella turcica is located in what bone
sphenoid
341
largest endocrine gland
thyroid
342
what gland is located inferior to thyroid cartilage (adam's apple) at level of cricoid cartilage
thyroid gland
343
What gland produces T3, T4 and calcitonin
thyroid gland
344
which gland is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary
thyroid gland
345
which endocrine system is located behind thyroid
parathyroid
346
how many parathyroid glands are there
4
347
what does parathyroid gland produce
parathormone
348
adrenal glands aka
suprarenal gland
349
what gland is located above each kidney
adrenal gland
350
which gland secretes epinephrine and norepi
medulla of adrenals
"MEN"
351
What secretes steroid hormones
adrenal gland
352
glucocorticoids are what type of steroid hormone
sweet
353
mineral corticoids are what type of steroid hormone
salty
354
adrenocorticoids are what type of steriod hormone
sex
355
what is located at epigastic and left hypochondriac
pancreas
356
the head of this is the concavity of duodenum
pancreas
357
body of this is behind the stomach
pancreas
358
left end and contacts spleen is what structure of pancreas
tail
359
Exocrine gland has what, that endocrine gland does not
Ducts
360
endocrine gland does not have what
ducts
361
insulin is secreted by what cells
beta
362
glucagon is secreted by what cells
alpha
363
epiphysis cerebri is another name for what
pineal
364
located near center of brain between two hemispheres
pineal gland
365
what gland produces melatonin
pineal gland
366
calcification of gland is called what
brain sand
367
anterior superior mediastinum is location of what
thymus
368
T-lymphocytes to recognize self is teacher for what
thymus
369
outer cortex of this is packed with maturing T cells
thymus
370
degenerative thymic corpuscles (Hassall's) of inner medulla are in what
thymus
371
subclavian drains into what
axillary
372
3 veins drain into axillary
basilic, brachial, cephalic
373
Major vein drains into femoral
great saphenous
374
small saphenous drains into
popliteal
375
in muscle what surrounds entire muscle
epimysium
376
in muscle what surrounds muscle fascicles (bundles)
perimysium
377
in muscle what surrounds muscle fiber
endomysium
378
in nerve what surrounds entire nerve
epineurium
379
in nerve what surrounds nerve fascicles (bundles)
perineurium
380
in nerve what surrounds nerve fiber
endoneurium
381
outermost layer of a blood vessel wall, anchors surrounding structures, has nerve fibers, and lymphatic vessels and tiny blood vessels- aka vasa vasorum (vessels of the vessels)
tunica adventitia
382
middle layer blood vessel- regulated by vasomotor fibers and can cause vasoconstriction and vasodilation
tunica media
383
innermost layer of blood vessel- has two layers: thin endothelium and basement membrane- reduces friction as blood moves through the vessel
tunica interna
384
tunica adventitia aka
tunica externa
385
tunica interna aka
tunica intima
