General Biology: Animal Organ System Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
They breathe through their skin provided that they have a large surface area
A
Multicellular animals
2
Q
It is a network of air tubes that branch throughout the body of an insect
A
Insect Tracheal System
3
Q
An opening for necessary gas to enter
A
Spiracles
4
Q
The entering of gas through the spiracles is conducted here
A
Trachea
5
Q
The smaller tubes of trachea that connect to body tissues
A
Tracheoles
6
Q
A filamentous organs with a rich supply of blood vessel that conducts gas exchange
A
Gills
7
Q
The process where diaphragm contracts and moves down
A
Inhalation
8
Q
The process where diaphragm relaxes and moves up
A
Exhalation
9
Q
A system where blood is pumped from the heart and enters body cavities where the tissues are bathed in blood
A
Open Circulatory System
10
Q
A system where blood is contained within blood vessels and valves exist to prevent back flow of blood
A
Closed Circulatory System
11
Q
Process where blood is carried from the heart to tissues of the body back to the heart
A
Systemic Circulation
12
Q
A process where blood is carried from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the heart
A
Pulmonary Circulation
13
Q
A fist sized organ that pumps blood throughout the the body
A
Heart
14
Q
A tube like structures responsible for transporting fluid to and from every organ in the body
A
Arteries
15
Q
A small diameter blood vessel in the micro circulation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries
A
Arterioles
16
Q
A delicate blood vessels that exist throughout your body
A
Capillaries
17
Q
The smallest veins and receive blood from capillaries
A
Venules
18
Q
Blood vessels located throughout your body that collect oxygen poor blood and return it to your heart
A
Veins
19
Q
It is required to achieve homeostasis
A
Osmoregulation
20
Q
It is the general term for the processes by which animals control solute concentrations and balance water gain and loss
A
Osmoregulation
21
Q
It enables animals to live in environments that are uninhabitable for osmoconformers
A
Osmoregulation
22
Q
An animal that has the ability to be isosmotic with its surrounding
A
Osmoconformer
23
Q
Animals that are osmoconformers
A
Marine animals
24
Q
Used to control internal osmolarity independent of that of the external environment
A
Osmoregulator
25
The process where food is broken down physically and chemically
Digestion
26
The process where food is taken into the body
Ingestion
27
The process where digested food products are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells
Absorption
28
A bacterium, fungus, virus, or other disease causing agent
Pathogen
29
A glandular organ near the heart where T cells learn their jobs
Thymus
30
A blood producing tissue inside certain bones
Bone marrow
31
They give rise to all of the different types of blood cells
Blood stem cells
32
An organ that serves as a filter for the blood; removes old and damaged RBC; removes infectious agents and uses them to activate cells called lymphocytes
Spleen
33
Small organs that filter dead cells, antigens, and other "stuff" to present to lymphocytes
Lymph nodes
34
They collect fluid (lymph) that has "leaked" out from the blood into the tissues to return it to circulation
Lymphatic vessels
35
It is a rapid response in all animals wherein small sets of receptors recognize traits shared by broad ranges of pathogens
Innate Immunity
36
It is a slow response in vertebrates wherein a vast array of receptors recognize traits specific to particular pathogens
Adaptive Immunity
37
These are cells with the correct receptor protein for a specific hormone
Target cells
38
It is a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids to stimulate cells
Hormone
39
These hormones cannot enter the target cell because of the fatty acid tails of the cell membrane are hydrophobic; bind to receptors on the surface of the target cell
Water soluble hormones
40
These are hormones that can pass through the target cell membrane; bind to receptors inside the target cell
Lipid soluble hormones
41
This is released from the pituitary gland. It is essential for normal physical growth in children and for some functions in adults, such as fat and muscle mass.
Growth hormone
42
A hormone that converts iodine from the diet into _______. This controls many functions of the metabolism, including temperature, heart rate and growth.
Thyroxine
43
A hormone released from the adrenal glands (just above the kidneys). It is important for controlling blood pressure and for dealing with the body's response to stress.
Cortisol
44
It decreases blood glucose concentration
Insulin
45
It increases blood glucose concentration
Glucagon
46
These hormones, released from the ovaries, are responsible for female body characteristics and for storing and releasing eggs.
Estrogen and progesterone
47
This hormone is released from the testes. It produces male body characteristics and sperm.
Testosterone
48
A system that integrates sensory information collected from all over the body and responding by coordinating both conscious and unconscious activity
Central Nervous System (CNS)
49
These are organs involved in the CNS
Brain and Spinal Cord
50
This system consists of the nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
51
This system consists of nerves that go to the skin and muscles and is involved in conscious activities
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
52
This system consists of nerves that connect the CNS to the visceral organs such as the heart, stomach, and intestines which mediates unconscious activities.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
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It is a junction between a neuron and another cell
Synapse
54
These are molecules that travel across synapses
Neurotransmitters
55
It brings information from the body's organs (such as heat, pain, taste,etc.) toward the central nervous system
Sensory Neuron
56
It receive signals from sensory neurons
Interneuron
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It conducts a message from the central nervous system to a muscle or gland, stimulating contraction or secretion
Motor Neurons
58
A type of feedback that enhances or amplify changes which results to a disturbance in homeostasis
Positive Feedback
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A type of feedback that reduces changes brought by a stimuli, resulting in the regulation of equilibrium
Negative Feedback
59
A type of feedback that reduces changes brought by a stimuli, resulting in the regulation of equilibrium
Negative Feedback
60
A type of suspension feeding that removes suspended food particles by capturing or trapping.
Filter Feeding
61
This is present in humpback whales; these are comb-like plates attached to the upper jaw.
Baleen
62
A feeding mechanism where animals who possess this live on their food source.
Substrate Feeding
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Animals who live on their food source
Substrate Feeders
64
"Leaf miner caterpillars live on oak leaves and feed on them too": This is what type of feeding mechanism?
Substrate Feeding
65
"Maggots burrow into animal carcasses": This is what type of feeding mechanism?
Substrate Feeding
65
"Mosquito on human skin to consume blood": This is what type of feeding mechanism?
Fluid Feeding
65
"Humming birds and bees (pollinators) feed on nectar of flowers": This is what type of feeding mechanism?
Fluid Feeding
66
A feeding mechanism where animals suck rich fluid from a living host
Fluid Feeding
67
"Humans and animals eat with their fangs, jaws, teeth": This is what type of feeding mechanism?
Bulk Feeding
68
A feedback mechanism where animals eat large pieces of food
Bulk Feeding
69
What are the 4 main stages of food processing?
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination
70
What is the correct process of breathing through lungs?
Nostrils - nasal passages - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli
71
A type of gas exchange wherein it happens through the skin. Animals with large surface area can easily transport gasses through this.
Cutaneous Respiration
72
What is the direction of oxygen flow in fish's blood vessels?
high to low concentration
73
A system of circulation where blood vessels is not present and there is no blood pressure; thus, blood moves slowly and animals must move to move its blood.
Open Circulatory System
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A system of circulation where blood is contained in blood vessels and blood is under pressure.
Closed Circulatory System
75
Where do osmoconformers usually live?
freshwater and terrestrial habitats
76
Organs in most insects that remove nitrogenous wastes and function in osmoregulation as well.
Malpighian Tubules
77
The process by which metabolic waste products and toxic materials are removed from the body of an organism
Excretion
78
The process of removal of undigested material from the alimentary canal; these materials are not formed
from substances and has never been absorbed into the cells.
Egestion
79
What are the 2 types of cells in the nervous system?
neurons and neuroglia
80
These are interconnected cells that communicate via electrical impulses.
Neurons
81
These support neurons
Neuroglia
82
An electrical impulse which travels along a neuron's axon; it is the message
Action Potential
83
The end of the sending neuron’s axon
Synaptic Terminal
84
A type of reproduction that does not require a partner and produces identical or nearly identical offspring.
Asexual reproduction
85
A process wherein an egg develops without being fertilized
parthenogenesis
86
A means of asexual reproduction whereby a new individual develops from an outgrowth of a parent, splits off, and lives independently.
Budding
87
A means of asexual reproduction whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals.
Fragmentation
88
A means of asexual reproduction whereby a body part has broken off and the organism grows a new one.
Regeneration
89
A type of reproduction where both parents contribute genes to the offspring, which are genetically unique.
Sexual Reproduction
90
What kind of sexual reproduction is this: Male sea urchin is releasing sperm into the water. If a sperm cell unites with an egg cell released from a female, the fertilization is _______.
External Fertilization
91
A kind of sexual reproduction that occurs when gametes unite inside the body of one of the parents
Internal fertilization
92
A process where genes determine the overall shape and structure of the animal’s body
pattern formation
93
An animal that undergoes this kind of development has an immature stage that looks different from the adult.
indirect development
94
Animals undergoing this kind of development have an immature stage that looks like a small adult.
direct development
