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Finals Exam Reviewer > General Biology: Animal Organ System > Flashcards

General Biology: Animal Organ System Flashcards

1
Q

They breathe through their skin provided that they have a large surface area

A

Multicellular animals

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2
Q

It is a network of air tubes that branch throughout the body of an insect

A

Insect Tracheal System

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3
Q

An opening for necessary gas to enter

A

Spiracles

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4
Q

The entering of gas through the spiracles is conducted here

A

Trachea

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5
Q

The smaller tubes of trachea that connect to body tissues

A

Tracheoles

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6
Q

A filamentous organs with a rich supply of blood vessel that conducts gas exchange

A

Gills

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7
Q

The process where diaphragm contracts and moves down

A

Inhalation

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8
Q

The process where diaphragm relaxes and moves up

A

Exhalation

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9
Q

A system where blood is pumped from the heart and enters body cavities where the tissues are bathed in blood

A

Open Circulatory System

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10
Q

A system where blood is contained within blood vessels and valves exist to prevent back flow of blood

A

Closed Circulatory System

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11
Q

Process where blood is carried from the heart to tissues of the body back to the heart

A

Systemic Circulation

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12
Q

A process where blood is carried from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the heart

A

Pulmonary Circulation

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13
Q

A fist sized organ that pumps blood throughout the the body

A

Heart

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14
Q

A tube like structures responsible for transporting fluid to and from every organ in the body

A

Arteries

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15
Q

A small diameter blood vessel in the micro circulation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries

A

Arterioles

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16
Q

A delicate blood vessels that exist throughout your body

A

Capillaries

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17
Q

The smallest veins and receive blood from capillaries

A

Venules

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18
Q

Blood vessels located throughout your body that collect oxygen poor blood and return it to your heart

A

Veins

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19
Q

It is required to achieve homeostasis

A

Osmoregulation

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20
Q

It is the general term for the processes by which animals control solute concentrations and balance water gain and loss

A

Osmoregulation

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21
Q

It enables animals to live in environments that are uninhabitable for osmoconformers

A

Osmoregulation

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22
Q

An animal that has the ability to be isosmotic with its surrounding

A

Osmoconformer

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23
Q

Animals that are osmoconformers

A

Marine animals

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24
Q

Used to control internal osmolarity independent of that of the external environment

A

Osmoregulator

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25
Q

The process where food is broken down physically and chemically

A

Digestion

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26
Q

The process where food is taken into the body

A

Ingestion

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27
Q

The process where digested food products are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells

A

Absorption

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28
Q

A bacterium, fungus, virus, or other disease causing agent

A

Pathogen

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29
Q

A glandular organ near the heart where T cells learn their jobs

A

Thymus

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30
Q

A blood producing tissue inside certain bones

A

Bone marrow

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31
Q

They give rise to all of the different types of blood cells

A

Blood stem cells

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32
Q

An organ that serves as a filter for the blood; removes old and damaged RBC; removes infectious agents and uses them to activate cells called lymphocytes

A

Spleen

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33
Q

Small organs that filter dead cells, antigens, and other “stuff” to present to lymphocytes

A

Lymph nodes

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34
Q

They collect fluid (lymph) that has “leaked” out from the blood into the tissues to return it to circulation

A

Lymphatic vessels

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35
Q

It is a rapid response in all animals wherein small sets of receptors recognize traits shared by broad ranges of pathogens

A

Innate Immunity

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36
Q

It is a slow response in vertebrates wherein a vast array of receptors recognize traits specific to particular pathogens

A

Adaptive Immunity

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37
Q

These are cells with the correct receptor protein for a specific hormone

A

Target cells

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38
Q

It is a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids to stimulate cells

A

Hormone

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39
Q

These hormones cannot enter the target cell because of the fatty acid tails of the cell membrane are hydrophobic; bind to receptors on the surface of the target cell

A

Water soluble hormones

40
Q

These are hormones that can pass through the target cell membrane; bind to receptors inside the target cell

A

Lipid soluble hormones

41
Q

This is released from the pituitary gland. It is essential for normal physical growth in children and for some functions in adults, such as fat and muscle mass.

A

Growth hormone

42
Q

A hormone that converts iodine from the diet into _______. This controls many functions of the metabolism, including temperature, heart rate and growth.

A

Thyroxine

43
Q

A hormone released from the adrenal glands (just above the kidneys). It is important for controlling blood pressure and for dealing with the body’s response to stress.

A

Cortisol

44
Q

It decreases blood glucose concentration

A

Insulin

45
Q

It increases blood glucose concentration

A

Glucagon

46
Q

These hormones, released from the ovaries, are responsible for female body characteristics and for storing and releasing eggs.

A

Estrogen and progesterone

47
Q

This hormone is released from the testes. It produces male body characteristics and sperm.

A

Testosterone

48
Q

A system that integrates sensory information collected from all over the body and responding by coordinating both conscious and unconscious activity

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

49
Q

These are organs involved in the CNS

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

50
Q

This system consists of the nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

51
Q

This system consists of nerves that go to the skin and muscles and is involved in conscious activities

A

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

52
Q

This system consists of nerves that connect the CNS to the visceral organs such as the heart, stomach, and intestines which mediates unconscious activities.

A

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

53
Q

It is a junction between a neuron and another cell

A

Synapse

54
Q

These are molecules that travel across synapses

A

Neurotransmitters

55
Q

It brings information from the body’s organs (such as heat, pain, taste,etc.) toward the central nervous system

A

Sensory Neuron

56
Q

It receive signals from sensory neurons

A

Interneuron

57
Q

It conducts a message from the central nervous system to a muscle or gland, stimulating contraction or secretion

A

Motor Neurons

58
Q

A type of feedback that enhances or amplify changes which results to a disturbance in homeostasis

A

Positive Feedback

59
Q

A type of feedback that reduces changes brought by a stimuli, resulting in the regulation of equilibrium

A

Negative Feedback

59
Q

A type of feedback that reduces changes brought by a stimuli, resulting in the regulation of equilibrium

A

Negative Feedback

60
Q

A type of suspension feeding that removes suspended food particles by capturing or trapping.

A

Filter Feeding

61
Q

This is present in humpback whales; these are comb-like plates attached to the upper jaw.

A

Baleen

62
Q

A feeding mechanism where animals who possess this live on their food source.

A

Substrate Feeding

63
Q

Animals who live on their food source

A

Substrate Feeders

64
Q

“Leaf miner caterpillars live on oak leaves and feed on them too”: This is what type of feeding mechanism?

A

Substrate Feeding

65
Q

“Maggots burrow into animal carcasses”: This is what type of feeding mechanism?

A

Substrate Feeding

65
Q

“Mosquito on human skin to consume blood”: This is what type of feeding mechanism?

A

Fluid Feeding

65
Q

“Humming birds and bees (pollinators) feed on nectar of flowers”: This is what type of feeding mechanism?

A

Fluid Feeding

66
Q

A feeding mechanism where animals suck rich fluid from a living host

A

Fluid Feeding

67
Q

“Humans and animals eat with their fangs, jaws, teeth”: This is what type of feeding mechanism?

A

Bulk Feeding

68
Q

A feedback mechanism where animals eat large pieces of food

A

Bulk Feeding

69
Q

What are the 4 main stages of food processing?

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

70
Q

What is the correct process of breathing through lungs?

A

Nostrils - nasal passages - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli

71
Q

A type of gas exchange wherein it happens through the skin. Animals with large surface area can easily transport gasses through this.

A

Cutaneous Respiration

72
Q

What is the direction of oxygen flow in fish’s blood vessels?

A

high to low concentration

73
Q

A system of circulation where blood vessels is not present and there is no blood pressure; thus, blood moves slowly and animals must move to move its blood.

A

Open Circulatory System

74
Q

A system of circulation where blood is contained in blood vessels and blood is under pressure.

A

Closed Circulatory System

75
Q

Where do osmoconformers usually live?

A

freshwater and terrestrial habitats

76
Q

Organs in most insects that remove nitrogenous wastes and function in osmoregulation as well.

A

Malpighian Tubules

77
Q

The process by which metabolic waste products and toxic materials are removed from the body of an organism

A

Excretion

78
Q

The process of removal of undigested material from the alimentary canal; these materials are not formed
from substances and has never been absorbed into the cells.

A

Egestion

79
Q

What are the 2 types of cells in the nervous system?

A

neurons and neuroglia

80
Q

These are interconnected cells that communicate via electrical impulses.

A

Neurons

81
Q

These support neurons

A

Neuroglia

82
Q

An electrical impulse which travels along a neuron’s axon; it is the message

A

Action Potential

83
Q

The end of the sending neuron’s axon

A

Synaptic Terminal

84
Q

A type of reproduction that does not require a partner and produces identical or nearly identical offspring.

A

Asexual reproduction

85
Q

A process wherein an egg develops without being fertilized

A

parthenogenesis

86
Q

A means of asexual reproduction whereby a new individual develops from an outgrowth of a parent, splits off, and lives independently.

A

Budding

87
Q

A means of asexual reproduction whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals.

A

Fragmentation

88
Q

A means of asexual reproduction whereby a body part has broken off and the organism grows a new one.

A

Regeneration

89
Q

A type of reproduction where both parents contribute genes to the offspring, which are genetically unique.

A

Sexual Reproduction

90
Q

What kind of sexual reproduction is this: Male sea urchin is releasing sperm into the water. If a sperm cell unites with an egg cell released from a female, the fertilization is _______.

A

External Fertilization

91
Q

A kind of sexual reproduction that occurs when gametes unite inside the body of one of the parents

A

Internal fertilization

92
Q

A process where genes determine the overall shape and structure of the animal’s body

A

pattern formation

93
Q

An animal that undergoes this kind of development has an immature stage that looks different from the adult.

A

indirect development

94
Q

Animals undergoing this kind of development have an immature stage that looks like a small adult.

A

direct development

Finals Exam Reviewer (3 decks)

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