General Biology: Plant Organ System

Question 1

A hormone that has a role in phototropism and is primarily released from the shoot tip

Answer 1

Auxins

Question 2

A hormone that stimulate fruit development, elongation, suppression of lateral bud growth

Answer 2

Auxins

Question 3

A hormone that stimulate cell division, delay leaf shed, stimulate lateral bud growth

Answer 3

Cytokinins

Question 4

A hormone primarily released from the roots

Answer 4

Cytokinins

Question 5

A hormone that stimulate shoot elongation and fruit growth which is used by farmers

Answer 5

Gibberellins

Question 6

A hormone that hastens fruit ripening and stimulates leaf, flower, and fruit shed

Answer 6

Ethylene

Question 7

A hormone that inhibits shoot growth, maintains seed dormancy, and stimulates closure of stomata and shedding of plant parts

Answer 7

Abscisic Acid

Question 8

These have fleshy underground stems

Answer 8

Rhizomes

Question 9

These are plant stems which grow at the soil surface or just below ground that form adventitious roots at the nodes, and new plants from the buds

Answer 9

Stolons

Question 10

These stems are usually short and thickened and typically grow below the soil

Answer 10

Tubers

Question 11

It is a process by which bacteria found in soil, such as Rhizobium, invade leguminous plants and convert dinitrogen from the atmosphere into usable Ammonia.

Answer 11

Nitrogen Fixation

Question 12

A tendency of a plant to grow toward or away from the light

Answer 12

Phototropism

Question 13

A directional growth of plants in response to gravity (shoots grow upward, roots grow downward)

Answer 13

Gravitropism

Question 14

A plant’s response to touch caused by special epidermal cells

Answer 14

Thigmotropism

Question 15

A type of tissue where it makes up most of the plant body

Answer 15

Ground tissue

Question 16

A type of tissue responsible for storage, photosynthesis, transport; occupies mostly of a herbaceous plant stem

Answer 16

Ground tissue

Question 17

Part of non woody tissue that carries out photosynthesis, respiration, gas exchange, storage, and other functions

Answer 17

Parenchyma

Question 18

Part of ground tissue responsible for elastic support for growing stems and leaves; growing plant parts

Answer 18

Collenchyma

Question 19

Part of ground tissue responsible for inelastic support for non growing plant parts

Answer 19

Sclerenchyma

Question 20

A type of tissue that connects root and shoot system; transport materials within the plant; embedded in the ground tissue

Answer 20

Vascular tissue

Question 21

A type of tissue that transports water and minerals from the roots to other plant parts.

Answer 21

Xylem tissue

Question 22

Part of xylem which are long narrow cells that conduct water and minerals through pits

Answer 22

tracheids

Question 23

Part of xylem which are wide, barrel shaped cells that conduct water through pits and perforated cell end walls

Answer 23

vessel elements

Question 24

A type of tissue that transports dissolved organic compounds like sugars

Answer 24

Phloem tissue

Question 25

Part of phloem that conduct dissolved compunds

Answer 25

Sieve tube elements

Question 26

Part of phloem that transfer materials in and out of sieve tubes

Answer 26

Companion cells

Question 27

A type of tissue that covers the plant and serves as the outer protective covering

Answer 27

Dermal tissue

Question 28

Part of dermal tissue that conserves water and protects the plant

Answer 28

Cuticle

Question 29

Part of dermal tissue that surround each stomata and control opening and closing

Answer 29

Guard cells

Question 30

These are pores in the cuticle; responsible for gas exchange; under the leaves; not waxy

Answer 30

Stomata

Question 31

A ground tissue inside a leaf consisting of cells abundant in chloroplast that produce sugars

Answer 31

Mesophyll

Question 32

A kind of mesophyll that form a layer beneath the upper epidermis

Answer 32

Palisade mesophyll

Question 33

A kind of mesophyll that is internal to the lower epidermis

Answer 33

Spongy mesophyll

Question 34

The growing shoot tip where most growth of a young shoot is concentrated; located at the end or side

Answer 34

Apical bud

Question 35

Another term for apical bud

Answer 35

Terminal bud

Question 36

An undeveloped shoot that can form a new branch or flower; can potentially form a lateral branch or, in some cases, a thorn and flower; found in the upper angle (stem)

Answer 36

Axillary bud

Question 37

Another term for axillary bud

Answer 37

Lateral bud

Question 38

The below ground system; supports the plants and absorbs water and minerals, is usually underground

Answer 38

Root system

Question 39

The above ground system; consists of leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits, usually seen above

Answer 39

Shoot system

Question 40

What are the 3 basic parts of a plant?

Answer 40

stem leaves roots

Question 41

What are some examples of adaptations of roots?

Answer 41

Proproots Storage roots Pneumatophores

Question 42

An adaptation of roots which are vertical aerial roots and performs gas exchange.

Answer 42

Pneumatophores

Question 43

This is where leaves are attached

Answer 43

Nodes

Question 44

These are spaces between nodes

Answer 44

Internodes

Question 45

What are some example of adaptations of stems?

Answer 45

food storage rhizomes, stolons, tubers modified stems

Question 46

These are the main photosynthetic organ; responsible for exchange of gases; dissipate heat; defense from herbivores and pathogens

Answer 46

Leaves

Question 47

What are some examples of adaptations of leaves?

Answer 47

tendrills storage spines reproductive

Question 48

Plants that have green and soft stem

Answer 48

Herbaceous plant

Question 49

Plants that have tough, bark-covered wood

Answer 49

Woody plant

Question 50

Nutrients in large amounts

Answer 50

Macronutrients

Question 51

Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen are what example of nutrients?

Answer 51

Macronutrients

Question 52

Nutrients in small amounts

Answer 52

Micronutrients

Question 53

Chlorine, iron, boron, zinc, etc. (not O, C, H) are what examples of nutrients?

Answer 53

Micronutrients

Question 54

Where do nitrogen fixation occur?

Answer 54

Roots (nodes)

Question 55

What are the 3 tissue types?

Answer 55

Ground tissue Vascular tissue Dermal tissue

Question 56

Part of dermal tissue that is coated with a waxy cuticle

Answer 56

epidermis

Question 57

This part of the leaves show the vascular bundles.

Answer 57

Veins

Question 58

Kind of roots which are slender and shallow; it arises from the stem

Answer 58

Fibrous roots

Question 59

Kind of roots which are thick and deep; it has fewer branches

Answer 59

Taproots

Question 60

These are extensions of the epidermis that absorb water and minerals

Answer 60

Root Hairs

Question 61

A growth pattern where plants never stop growing

Answer 61

Indeterminate growth

Question 62

A growth pattern where plants stop growing when they reach their mature size

Answer 62

Determinate growth

Question 63

This is where growth of plant occurs; the site of active cell division

Answer 63

meristems

Question 64

A type of meristems that lengthen the tips of shoots and roots

Answer 64

apical meristems

Question 65

A type of meristems where mitosis occur; found in terminal buds

Answer 65

typical meristems

Question 66

Growth that occurs at the apical meristems.

Answer 66

Primary growth

Question 67

Growth that occurs at lateral meristems; thickens roots and stems

Answer 67

Secondary growth

Question 68

Part of lateral meristems that produces secondary xylem to inside of the stem and secondary phloem to outside.

Answer 68

vascular cambium

Question 69

Part of lateral meristems that produces parenchyma cells to inside and dense, waxy cells called cork to outside.

Answer 69

cork cambium

Question 70

It is the outer protective layer of bark

Answer 70

Cork

Question 71

When the secondary xylem becomes unable to conduct water, it forms _____.

Answer 71

Heartwood

Question 72

What theory explains xylem transport?

Answer 72

cohesion-tension theory

Question 73

It is the tendency for water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with one another.

Answer 73

Cohesion

Question 74

It causes water to evaporate from the leaves, and pulls adjacent molecules closer to the stomata.

Answer 74

Cohesion

Question 75

According to the cohesion-tension theory, this provides the pull for the ascent of xylem sap (water & dissolved minerals in the xylem); "pulling" process

Answer 75

Transpiration

Question 76

According to the cohesion-tension theory, this transmits this pull along the entire length of the xylem from shoots to roots.

Answer 76

Cohesion

Question 77

Xylem sap is normally under _________ or tension.

Answer 77

Negative pressure

Question 78

The exploration of the rise of xylem sap by the cohesion-tension mechanism begins where?

Answer 78

Leaves

Question 79

According to this theory, phloem sap moves from high pressure at sources to low pressure at sinks.

Answer 79

pressure flow theory

Question 80

The green leaves of a plant are ________ because they carry out photosynthesis.

Answer 80

sugar “sources”

Question 81

Roots and fruits, which require sugar but do not carry out photosynthesis, are called ________.

Answer 81

"sinks"

Question 82

What direction do phloem sap moves, according to the pressure flow theory?

Answer 82

high pressure to low pressure